BREATHING PATTERN AND EYE-MOVEMENT DENSITY DURING REM-SLEEP IN HUMANS
BREATHING PATTERN AND EYE-MOVEMENT DENSITY DURING REM-SLEEP IN HUMANS
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DOI：
10.1164/ajrccm/138.4.874
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发表时间：
1988-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
DOUGLAS, NJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
GOULD, GA;GUGGER, M;DOUGLAS, NJ
动物快速眼动 (REM) 睡眠期间眼动密度的变化与通气和通气反应的变化有关。慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的最新数据表明，频繁的眼球运动可能与快速眼动睡眠期间的低氧血症有关。因此，我们研究了 10 名正常男性的眼球运动与通气和通气模式之间的关联。使用呼吸速度描记器测量呼气通气量，该呼吸描记器连接到带阀面罩，死腔为 50 ml，并配有外围 CO2 泄漏检测器。与清醒期间相比，所有睡眠阶段的通气量均减少 (p < 0.02)，每个睡眠阶段的通气水平没有差异（清醒，7.18 .+-. 0.43 SEM：第 2 阶段，6.47 .+-. 0.43；第 3/4 阶段，6.45 .+-. 0.52；快速眼动睡眠，6.55 .+-. 0.52）。 0.47 升/分钟）。在快速眼动睡眠期间，眼球运动 (EM) 与快速浅呼吸有关。将 REM 分为有或没有 EM 的 20 秒时期，EM 与呼吸频率升高（无 EM，14.4 .+-. 0.4 次呼吸/分钟；EM，15.8 .+-. 0.5 次呼吸/分钟；p = 0.01）、潮气量减少（0.49 .+-. 0.03；Li 0.41）相关。 .+-. 0.03 L；p < 0.01)，并减少每分钟通气量 (6.87 .+-. 0.45 L；6.27 .+-. 0.51 L；p = 0.01)。眼球运动与呼气时间缩短（2.44 .+-. 0.08 s；2.20 .+-. 0.12 s；p < 0.05）、占空比增加（TI/Ttot，43.2 .+-. 0.9%；45.7 .+-. 1.0%；p < 0.01）以及平均吸气量减少相关。流速（0.27 .+-. 0.02 L/s；0.24 .+-. 0.02 L/s；p < 0.02）。因此，这些人在眼球频繁运动期间，通气量会减少。频繁 EM 期间的通气不足可能可以解释呼吸系统疾病患者在快速眼动睡眠期间出现的低氧血症。
Changes in the density of eye movement during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep are associated with changes in ventilation and ventilatory response in animals. Recent data in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease suggest that periods of frequent eye movements may be associated with hypoxemia during REM sleep. We have therefore investigated the association between eye movements and ventilation and ventilatory pattern in 10 normal men. Expired ventilation was measured using a pneumotachograph attached to a valved face mask with a dead space of 50 ml and incorporating a peripheral CO2 leak detector. Ventilation was reduced (p < 0.02) in all stages of sleep compared with that during wakefulness, with no difference between the level of ventilation in each sleep stage (awake, 7.18 .+-. 0.43 SEM: Stage 2, 6.47 .+-. 0.43; Stage 3/4, 6.45 .+-. 0.52; REM sleep, 6.55 .+-. 0.47 L/min). During REM sleep, eye movements (EMs) were associated with rapid shallow breathing. Dividing REM into 20-s epochs with or without EMs, EMs were associated with raised breathing frequency (no EMs, 14.4 .+-. 0.4 breaths/min; EMs, 15.8 .+-. 0.5 breathws/min; p = 0.01), reduced tidal volume (0.49 .+-. 0.03; Li 0.41 .+-. 0.03 L; p < 0.01), and reduced minute ventilation (6.87 .+-. 0.45 L; 6.27 .+-. 0.51 L; p = 0.01). Eye movements were associated with a shortened expiratory time (2.44 .+-. 0.08 s; 2.20 .+-. 0.12 s; p < 0.05), an increased duty cycle ratio (TI/Ttot, 43.2 .+-. 0.9%; 45.7 .+-. 1.0%; p < 0.01), and reduction of mean inspiratory flow rate (0.27 .+-. 0.02 L/s; 0.24 .+-. 0.02 L/s; p < 0.02). Thus, ventilation was reduced during periods of dense eye movements in these men. Hypoventilation during periods of frequent EMs may explain the hypoxemia seen during REM sleep in patients with respiratory diseases.