Natal dispersal of Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in Switzerland
Natal dispersal of Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in Switzerland
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欧亚山猫 (Lynx lynx) 在瑞士的出生扩散
DOI：
10.1017/s0952836905007545
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
U. Breitenmoser
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Zimmermann;C. Breitenmoser;U. Breitenmoser
扩散影响种群的动态和持久性、物种的分布和丰富度，并使群落和生态系统在空间和时间上具有其特有的结构。欧亚猞猁（英语：Eurasian lynx）是一种中型的独居食肉动物，已被重新引入中欧，目前出现在相当小的种群中，分散被认为对未定居地区的非定居化和亚种群的持续性起着重要作用。在1988年和2001年之间的亚成年欧亚猞猁的时空行为进行了研究，在两个重新引入的人口在瑞士，基于31个青少年，其中24个进行了无线电标记，以找出哪些因素影响扩散。独立时的年龄范围为8.1至10.7个月，在人群或性别之间没有差异。独立从1月开始到5月初，4月达到高峰。独立后，亚成体在母亲的家范围内呆了几天。年龄在传播的起源地区之间的差异，可能是受性别和新的后代的存在。分散的两性建立短暂的家域，但是，只有一个男性在饱和人口建立了一个短暂的家域。虽然只有女性接管了母亲的家庭范围，有没有显着的性别偏见的个人的比例，分散在两个群体。成功的传播者定居在一个领土上的距离不同的人口与性别的影响，但没有条件。高密度种群的平均扩散距离为25.9公里，而低密度种群的平均扩散距离为63.1公里。在高密度人口的分散距离-短于其他欧亚猞猁的研究报告，但与伊比利亚猞猁人口中观察到的-是有限的栖息地限制，阻碍与邻近人口的连接。
Dispersal influences the dynamics and persistence of populations, the distribution and abundance of species, and gives the communities and ecosystems their characteristic texture in space and time. The Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx is a medium-sized solitary carnivore that has been re-introduced in central Europe and currently occurs in rather small populations, where dispersal is believed to play a prominent role for the recolonization of unsettled areas and persistence of subpopulations. Between 1988 and 2001 the spatio-temporal behaviour of sub-adult Eurasian lynx was studied in two re-introduced populations in Switzerland, based on 31 juveniles of which 24 were radio-tagged to find out which factors influence dispersal. Age at independence ranged from 8.1 to 10.7 months and did not differ between populations or sex. Independence began from January to the beginning of May with a peak in April. After independence, sub-adults stayed a few days in the maternal home range. Age at dispersal differed between the areas of origin and was possibly affected by sex and the presence of new progeny. Dispersers of both sexes established transient home ranges; however, only one male in the saturated population established a transient home range. Although only females took over the maternal home range, there was no significant sex bias in the proportion of individuals that dispersed in both populations. Successful dispersers settled in a territory at distances that differed between populations with effects of sex, but not condition. The mean dispersal distance in the high-density population was 25.9 km compared to 63.1 km in the low-density population. Dispersal distances in the high-density population – shorter than those reported in other Eurasian lynx studies but comparable to those observed in an Iberian lynx population – are limited by habitat restrictions hindering connections with a neighbouring population.