Emergence dynamics and bet hedging in a desert bee, Perdita portalis
Emergence dynamics and bet hedging in a desert bee, Perdita portalis
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.1999.0876
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发表时间：
1999-10-07
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Danforth, BN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Danforth, BN
蜜蜂（蜜蜂总科蜜蜂目）在世界干旱地区种类最多。干旱地区（沙漠和半沙漠）的特点是雨季不连续，降雨量随时间变化极大。本文记录了几种新的机制，其中一种沙漠蜜蜂（Perdita portalis）应对恶劣和不可预测的条件下，在干旱的栖息地。这些相同的机制可能存在于不同的蜜蜂家族中。首先，滞育的门冬拟步行虫遵循下注对冲的羽化模式，使得只有大约一半的幼虫在最佳条件下化蛹。第二，羽化是条件依赖性的，使得在类似条件下，具有低平均体重的幼虫比具有高平均体重的幼虫更有可能羽化。最后，通过暴露于高湿度（降雨）诱导幼虫羽化。蜜蜂幼虫和被子植物种子在干旱环境中的相似之处是惊人的。在这两种情况下，有明显的证据表明赌注对冲，出现（或发芽）取决于幼虫（或种子）的条件和降雨触发出现（或发芽）。这些模式的出现是重要的了解蜜蜂物种多样性在干旱地区。
Bees (series Apiformes, superfamily Apoidea) are most diverse in arid regions of the world. Arid regions (deserts and semi-deserts) are characterized by discrete rainy seasons and extreme temporal variability in rainfall. This paper documents several novel mechanisms by which one desert bee species (Perdita portalis) copes with harsh and unpredictable conditions in xeric habitats. These same mechanisms are likely to be present in diverse bee families. First, diapausing P. portalis follow a bet-hedging emergence pattern, such that only approximately half of the larvae pupate under optimal conditions. Second, emergence is condition dependent such that larvae with a low average body weight are significantly more likely to emerge than are larvae with a high average body weight under similar conditions. Finally, larval emergence is induced by exposure to high humidity (rainfall). The parallels between bee larvae and angiosperm seeds in arid environments are striking. In both cases there is clear evidence of bet hedging, emergence (or germination) is dependent on larval (or seed) condition and rainfall triggers emergence (or germination). These patterns of emergence are significant for understanding bee species diversity in arid regions.