Xenopus Interferon Complex: Inscribing the Amphibiotic Adaption and Species-Specific Pathogenic Pressure in Vertebrate Evolution?
Xenopus Interferon Complex: Inscribing the Amphibiotic Adaption and Species-Specific Pathogenic Pressure in Vertebrate Evolution?
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DOI：
10.3390/cells9010067
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发表时间：
2019-12
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Yun Tian;Jordan Jennings;Yuanying Gong;Y. Sang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yun Tian;Jordan Jennings;Yuanying Gong;Y. Sang
最近的几项研究揭示了两栖动物干扰素（IFN）系统的复杂性。两栖类是脊椎动物中的独特物种，它们不仅保存和繁殖了类似鱼类的含内含子的IFN基因，而且还在各物种中快速进化出类似鲑鱼的无内含子IFN基因。我们假设，两栖类IFN系统赋予一个必要的模型，研究脊椎动物的免疫进化的分子和功能多样性，以科普前所未有的病理生理要求，在陆地适应。到目前为止，研究已经归因于这些干扰素在免疫调节细胞内病原体，特别是病毒的潜在作用，然而，许多知识差距仍然难以捉摸。基于近年来有关干扰素在动物生理和防御反应中的多功能特性的报道，我们认为两栖类干扰素可能进化出与其上级分子多样性相关的新功能。这些新的功能揭示了新的研究抗真菌和两栖类IFN的发育调控，必将促进我们对脊椎动物免疫进化的理解，以解决目前的病原威胁导致两栖类下降。
Several recent studies have revealed previously unknown complexity of the amphibian interferon (IFN) system. Being unique in vertebrate animals, amphibians not only conserve and multiply the fish-like intron-containing IFN genes, but also rapidly evolve amniote-like intronless IFN genes in each tested species. We postulate that the amphibian IFN system confers an essential model to study vertebrate immune evolution in molecular and functional diversity to cope with unprecedented pathophysiological requirement during terrestrial adaption. Studies so far have ascribed a potential role of these IFNs in immune regulation against intracellular pathogens, particularly viruses; however, many knowledge gaps remain elusive. Based on recent reports about IFN’s multifunctional properties in regulation of animal physiological and defense responses, we interpret that amphibian IFNs may evolve novel function pertinent to their superior molecular diversity. Such new function revealed by the emerging studies about antifungal and developmental regulation of amphibian IFNs will certainly promote our understanding of immune evolution in vertebrates to address current pathogenic threats causing amphibian decline.