Cancer surveillance research.
Cancer surveillance research.
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癌症监测研究。
DOI：
10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-0318
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Anderson,WilliamF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Anderson,WilliamF
《癌症流行病学、生物标志物和预防》（CEBP）杂志推出了一个新的手稿部分，名为《癌症监测研究》（CSR）。CSR部分将包括使用癌症病例和人口数据的原始报告，以检查，测试和发展癌症患病率，发病率和死亡率的假设。CSR的范围包括描述性流行病学、癌症负担时间趋势的公共卫生统计、遗传、行为和环境风险因素、癌症差异和地理变异、筛查和诊断实践模式以及评估癌症数据的方法学发展。CSR研究是通过检查生命健康统计监测和评估癌症负担的”眼睛和耳朵”。对癌症发病率的人口统计学、时间和地理变异的评估可以为某些癌症的意外风险亚组提供遗传或环境暴露、文化影响、健康行为、地理变异和种族/民族变异的线索。癌症发病率可用于验证现有癌症相关假设的一致性和/或为未来的分析研究产生新的想法。CSR可以评价随机临床试验的外部效度。一个精心设计和对照的临床试验具有很强的内部效度。然而，不能假设随机化研究的普遍性（或外部有效性），因为受试者参与取决于选择和入选标准，这可能无法反映整个人群。临床试验参与者通常更健康，更富有，更年轻，高加索人和城市居民（1，2）这一事实进一步加剧了普遍性问题。基于人群和临床试验证据的合并可以帮助确定有效的临床试验是否在一般人群中有效（3，4）。此外，当疾病罕见时，癌症监测数据可能是最可靠的信息来源。最后，随着人口老龄化和癌症相关服务成本的增加，CSR可以帮助卫生保健规划者和政策制定者管理和指导有限的资源。
The journal Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention (CEBP) has launched a new manuscript section entitled Cancer Surveillance Research (CSR). The CSR section will consist of original reports using cancer case and population data to examine, test, and develop hypotheses for cancer prevalence, incidence, and mortality. The scope of CSR includes descriptive epidemiology, public health statistics for time trends in cancer burden, genetic, behavioral, and environmental risk factors, cancer disparities and geographic variations, screening and diagnostic practice patterns, and methodological developments for assessing cancer data.CSR studies are the" eyes and ears" for the monitoring and assessment of cancer burden through the examination of vital health statistics. Evaluation of demographic, temporal, and geographic variations in cancer rates can suggest clues to genetic or environmental exposures, cultural influences, health behaviors, geographic variations, and racial/ethnic variations for subgroups at unexpected risk for certain cancers. Cancer rates may be used to verify the consistency of existing cancer-related hypotheses and/or to generate new ideas for future analytic research. CSR can estimate the external validity of a randomized clinical trial. A well-designed and controlled clinical trial has strong internal validity. However, the generalizability (or external validity) of the randomized study cannot be assumed because subject participation depends upon selection and inclusion criteria, which might not reflect the population at large. Generalizability concerns are further heightened by the fact that clinical trial participants are generally healthier, wealthier, younger, Caucasian, and urban dwellers (1, 2). The merging of population-based and clinical trial evidence can help to determine if an efficacious clinical trial is effective in the general population (3, 4). Additionally, when a disease is rare, cancer surveillance data might be the most reliable source of information. Finally, as the population ages and the cost of cancer-related services increase (5), CSR can aid health care planners and policy makers manage and direct limited resources.