English- and Mandarin-learning infants' discrimination of actions and objects in dynamic events.
English- and Mandarin-learning infants' discrimination of actions and objects in dynamic events.
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学习英语和普通话的婴儿对动态事件中的动作和物体的辨别。
DOI：
10.1037/a0039474
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Meng,Xiangzhi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen,Jie;Tardif,Twila;Pulverman,Rachel;Casasola,Marianella;Zhu,Liqi;Zheng,Xiaobei;Meng,Xiangzhi
目前的研究探讨了语言经验在引导英语和普通话学习者对视觉场景各个方面的注意力方面的作用。具体来说，他们询问这两种文化中的年轻语言学习者是否关注单词学习情况的不同方面。两组英语和普通话学习者，即 6-8 个月大的孩子 (n= 65) 和 17-19 个月大的孩子 (n= 91)，参与了两项基于习惯范式的研究，旨在测试婴儿在动态事件中区分动作和物体的能力。在研究 1 中，这些刺激是在安静的情况下呈现的，而在研究 2 中，则在视频中附有口头标签。结果显示，6-8 个月大的孩子可以区分动作变化，但不能区分物体变化，而 17-19 个月大的孩子可以区分这两种类型的变化。然而，当场景与语言标签一起呈现时，这些模式中只存在非常微妙的跨语言差异。这些发现有力地证明了注意力的普遍发展趋势，同时也有较弱的证据表明，学习普通话的儿童与学习英语的儿童产生或接触到的单词类型的差异会影响他们在生命的头两年对某个场景的不同方面的注意力。（PsycINFO 数据库记录 (c) 2016 APA，保留所有权利）
The present studies examined the role of linguistic experience in directing English and Mandarin learners’ attention to aspects of a visual scene. Specifically, they asked whether young language learners in these 2 cultures attend to differential aspects of a word-learning situation. Two groups of English and Mandarin learners, 6–8-month-olds (n= 65) and 17–19-month-olds (n= 91), participated in 2 studies, based on a habituation paradigm, designed to test infants’ discrimination between actions and objects in dynamic events. In Study 1, these stimuli were presented in silence, whereas in Study 2, a verbal label accompanied videos. Results showed that 6–8-month-olds could discriminate action changes but not object changes, whereas 17–19-month-olds could discriminate both types of changes. However, there were only very subtle cross-linguistic differences in these patterns when the scenes were presented together with a verbal label. These findings show strong evidence for universal developmental trends in attention, with somewhat weaker evidence that the differences in the types of words Mandarin-versus English-learning children produce or are exposed to affect attention to different aspects of a scene in the first 2 years of life.(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)