Effects of Different Degrees of Knowledge about an Audience on the Content of Communication
Effects of Different Degrees of Knowledge about an Audience on the Content of Communication
复制标题
受众不同程度的知识对传播内容的影响
DOI：
10.1080/00224545.1951.9919062
复制
发表时间：
1951
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
H. Grace
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Grace
在过去的几年里，知觉心理学已经成为社会心理学家非常感兴趣的领域。我们现在把这个问题称为社会认知。最近的两篇文章（7,9）从社会知觉研究中汲取了大量理论力量，这一事实说明了社会心理学对这一主题的重视。Sherif的经典实验(8)使用自动现象来研究其他个体对给定感知者判断的影响，证明了社会规范对感知的重要性。Rruner和Goodman(3)研究了动机对知觉的影响，特别强调了影响过程的社会变量。Asch (l)在研究同样的问题时，关注的是一个不同的变量。他证明，改变描述性词语的呈现顺序，或者用一个带有负面含义的词语来代替，都会影响一个人对被描述的人的看法。凯利（5岁）还做了一个研究，通过改变描述一个人的短语，研究对象对他的效价会发生变化。在Asch和Kelley的研究中，对描述性单词或短语的操作足以带来感知上的显著差异。最近Klein， Meister和Schlesinger(6)在重复Bruner等人的一些工作时，建议在社会知觉的研究中进行更严格的练习。（2,3,4）没有得到确认的结果。只有将Bruner的实验条件的复制与Klein等人使用的条件进行比较时，才发现有显著差异。本文所报道的实验是在上述实验的基础上发展起来的，只有一个例外。作者试图将感知作为整个交流过程中的一个步骤来研究，而不是作为一个孤立的问题来研究。
Within the last few years the psychology of perception has become of great interest to the social psychologist. We now refer to the problem as social perception. The fact that two recent texts (7, 9) have drawn much of their theoretical strength from studies in social perception illustrates the emphasis placed upon this topic in social psychology. Sherif's classic experiment (8)'using the autokinetic phenomenon to study the effects of other individuals upon the judgments of a given perceiver, demonstrated the importance of social norms upon perception. Rruner and Goodman (3) investigated the motivational influences on perception with particular emphasis upon the social variables affecting the process. Asch (l), while investigating the same problem, was concerned with a different variable. He demonstrated that changing the order of presentation of descriptive words, or substituting a word with a negative connotation, will affect one's perception of the person being described. Kelley (5) also made a study involving the change in valence toward a person by changing a phrase describing him. In both Asch's and Kelley's studies the manipulation of a descriptive word or phrase was sufficient to bring about significant differences in perception.Recently Klein, Meister, and Schlesinger (6) suggested that more rigor be exercised in the study of social perception when their duplication of some of the work of Bruner, et nl.(2, 3, 4) did not yield confirmatory results. Significant differences were found only when comparing the replication of Bruner's experimental conditions with the conditions used by Klein, et nl. The experiment reported in this paper grows out of those reviewed above with one exception. The author has attempted to study perception as one step in the general process of communication and not as an isolated problem.