To charge or not to charge: mechanistic insights into neuropathy-associated tRNA synthetase mutations.

To charge or not to charge: mechanistic insights into neuropathy-associated tRNA synthetase mutations.
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充电或不充电:神经病相关 tRNA 合成酶突变的机制见解。

DOI:
10.1016/j.gde.2013.02.002
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发表时间:
2013-06
影响因子:
4
通讯作者:
Antonellis, Anthony
Antonellis, Anthony
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wallen, Rachel C.;Antonellis, Anthony

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氨基酰基tRNA合成酶(ARSs)是一种普遍表达的必需酶,负责蛋白质翻译的第一步-将氨基酸连接到同源tRNA分子上。有趣的是,ARS基因突变与组织特异性人类疾病有关,包括遗传性周围神经病变。迄今为止,编码ARS的5个基因座与周围神经病变有关,每个基因座的等位基因都表现出功能丧失的特征。大多数表型是常染色体显性的,每一个相关的酶作为一个寡聚体,表明一个显性负效应应该被考虑。根据目前的数据,tRNA充电受损可能是ars相关神经病变的核心组成部分。未来的努力应该集中在测试这一概念和制定恢复周围神经ARS功能的策略。
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are ubiquitously expressed, essential enzymes responsible for the first step of protein translation—attaching amino acids to cognate tRNA molecules. Interestingly, ARS gene mutations have been implicated in tissue-specific human diseases, including inherited peripheral neuropathies. To date, five loci encoding an ARS have been implicated in peripheral neuropathy, and alleles at each locus show loss-of-function characteristics. The majority of the phenotypes are autosomal dominant, and each of the implicated enzymes acts as an oligomer, indicating that a dominant-negative effect should be considered. Based on current data, impaired tRNA charging is likely a central component of ARS-related neuropathy. Future efforts should focus on testing this notion and developing strategies for restoring ARS function in the peripheral nerve.
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