Childhood cognitive ability, education, and personality traits predict attainment in adult occupational prestige over 17 years
Childhood cognitive ability, education, and personality traits predict attainment in adult occupational prestige over 17 years
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jvb.2012.07.005
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发表时间：
2012-10-01
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Furnham, Adrian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cheng, Helen;Furnham, Adrian
这项研究探讨了近5000名成年人的纵向数据集，研究了儿童认知能力（11岁时测量），父母社会阶层（出生时测量）和个性对当前职业声望的影响（均在50岁时测量），考虑到教育和以前的职业水平（均在33岁时测量）的影响。参与者的职业成就水平从33岁到50岁显著上升。相关分析显示，童年认知能力、父母社会阶层、教育和职业以及人格特质（开放性、尽责性、外向性、情绪稳定性）均与当前职业声望显着相关。当前职业水平的最强相关性是教育资格，其次是儿童认知能力，父母的社会阶层和人格特质。结构方程模型表明，对于17年以上的职业变化，最强的预测因素是教育，其次是儿童智力。人格特质（外向性，外向性，开放性）有温和的，但在一段时间内的职业素养的提升显着的影响，和父母的社会地位预测通过教育和初始职业水平介导的职业变化。教育程度和儿童智力比人格因素和家庭社会背景对当前职业声望有更强的预测作用。对政策制定和平等教育机会的影响进行了讨论。(C)2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
This study explored a longitudinal data set of nearly 5000 adults examining the effects of childhood cognitive ability (measured at age 11), parental social class (measured at birth), and personality on current occupational prestige (all measured at age 50), taking account the effects of education and the previous occupational levels (both measured at age 33). Participants' levels of occupational attainment significantly went up from age 33 to age 50. Correlational analysis showed childhood cognitive ability, parental social class, education and occupation, and personality traits (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, emotional stability) were all significantly associated with current occupational prestige. The strongest correlates of current occupational levels were educational qualifications, followed by childhood cognitive ability, parental social class, and personality traits. Structural equation modelling showed that for the change of occupation over 17 years, the strongest predictor was education, followed by childhood intelligence. Personality traits (extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness) had modest but significant influence in the upgrading of occupational attainment over the period of time, and parental social status predicted occupational change mediated through education and initial occupational levels. Education and childhood intelligence are more powerful predictors of current occupational prestige than personality factors or family social background. The implications for policy making and equal opportunities for education are discussed. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.