Getting Ahead in Singapore: How Neighborhoods, Gender, and Ethnicity Affect Enrollment into Elite Schools
Getting Ahead in Singapore: How Neighborhoods, Gender, and Ethnicity Affect Enrollment into Elite Schools
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DOI：
10.1177/0038040719835489
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发表时间：
2019-04-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Wellman, Barry
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chua, Vincent;Swee, Eik Leong;Wellman, Barry
教育是它所承诺的社会平等者吗？这个问题在新加坡得到了最好的解决。新加坡是现代精英政治的象征，长期以来，教育一直被誉为通往精英地位的最重要门票。特别是，在新加坡的精英初级学院--该国教育系统的关键分类器--的入学率中，是什么造成了性别和种族的差距？我们认为，社区的财富与学校的精英地位相结合，影响性别和种族群体的社会流动性。分析40年（1971-2010）的大专年鉴数据，我们发现教育机会的持续差异。在新加坡，妇女和马来人在历史上经历过不平等，她们成为精英的学生路线明显不同。对于女学生来说，在一个富裕的社区上一所精英初级学院与富裕的社区有关，那里有不成比例的精英女子中学，这些中学都是为初级学院服务的。相比之下，对马来人来说，不去富裕社区的精英专科学校，更多的是因为富裕社区在人口构成上代表马来人不足。因此，精英家庭现在包括受过良好教育的妇女和男子，但马来人仍然很少成为受过良好教育的精英。这些结果强调，需要仔细绘制复杂的协会和机制之间的性别和种族分类，学校的地位，社区的特点。
Is education the social leveler it promises to be? Nowhere is this question better addressed than in Singapore, the emblematic modern-day meritocracy where education has long been hailed as the most important ticket to elite status. In particular, what accounts for gender and ethnic gaps in enrollment into Singapore's elite junior colleges-the key sorters in the country's education system? We consider how the wealth of neighborhoods has combined with the elite status of schools to affect the social mobility of gender and ethnic groups. Analyzing data from 40 years of junior college yearbooks (1971-2010), we find persistent differences in educational opportunity. Women and Malays have historically experienced inequality in Singapore, and their student routes to becoming elites differ markedly. For female students, attending an elite junior college in a wealthy neighborhood is associated with wealthy neighborhoods that have a disproportionate number of elite girls' secondary schools that feed into the junior colleges. By contrast, for Malays, not attending an elite junior college in a wealthy neighborhood has more to do with wealthy neighborhoods underrepresenting Malays in demographic composition. Elite families thus now include better educated women as well as men, yet Malays still rarely become better educated elites. These results underscore the need to carefully map the complex associations and mechanisms between gender and ethnic categorizations, the status of schools, and the characteristics of neighborhoods.