An early modern human from Tianyuan Cave, Zhoukoudian, China
An early modern human from Tianyuan Cave, Zhoukoudian, China
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0702169104
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发表时间：
2007-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Hong-Kuan Shang;Hao-wen Tong;Shuangquan Zhang;Fuyou Chen;E. Trinkaus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hong-Kuan Shang;Hao-wen Tong;Shuangquan Zhang;Fuyou Chen;E. Trinkaus
2003年，在中国周口店天元洞发现了34个早期现代人（EMH）元素。通过使用直接加速器质谱放射性碳测定，天元1号骨骼的年龄为42，000 - 39，000万年前，是欧亚大陆东部最古老的直接测年EMH之一。形态学比较显示，天源1号具有一系列衍生的现代人类特征，包括突出的结节联合、高的前联合角、宽的肩胛盂窝、减少的钩、臀支持和股骨上的壁柱。天元1号在EMH中更常见的其他特征是其适度的肱骨胸大肌结节、向前旋转的桡骨结节、减小的桡骨曲率和适度的距骨隆起。它也缺乏几个常见的下颌骨特征，包括下颌孔桥接，下颌切迹不对称，和一个大的上级内侧翼突结节。然而，天元1号显示了几个晚期古人类特征，如其前后牙比例，大钩长度，以及宽而圆的远端指骨结节。这种形态模式意味着现代人类不太可能从非洲简单地传播开来。
Thirty-four elements of an early modern human (EMH) were found in Tianyuan Cave, Zhoukoudian, China in 2003. Dated to 42,000–39,000 calendrical years before present by using direct accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon, the Tianyuan 1 skeleton is among the oldest directly dated EMHs in eastern Eurasia. Morphological comparison shows Tianyuan 1 to have a series of derived modern human characteristics, including a projecting tuber symphyseos, a high anterior symphyseal angle, a broad scapular glenoid fossa, a reduced hamulus, a gluteal buttress, and a pilaster on the femora. Other features of Tianyuan 1 that are more common among EMHs are its modest humeral pectoralis major tuberosities, anteriorly rotated radial tuberosity, reduced radial curvature, and modest talar trochlea. It also lacks several mandibular features common among western Eurasian late archaic humans, including mandibular foramen bridging, mandibular notch asymmetry, and a large superior medial pterygoid tubercle. However, Tianyuan 1 exhibits several late archaic human features, such as its anterior to posterior dental proportions, a large hamulus length, and a broad and rounded distal phalangeal tuberosity. This morphological pattern implies that a simple spread of modern humans from Africa is unlikely.