Experiments on Problems of Climate Change
Experiments on Problems of Climate Change
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气候变化问题的实验
DOI：
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Mary C. McGrath
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mary C. McGrath
气候变化是一个可怕的政治问题。如果我们无法控制碳排放，气温上升可能会在地球仪各地产生毁灭性影响。有效的全球气候行动需要国际协调;遵守国际协议需要公众对气候政策的支持;公众对气候政策的支持取决于个人的气候信仰。实验如何揭示应对气候变化所涉及的政治挑战？本章考察了调查气候信念、气候行动和气候协调的实验，重点是我们已经学到的东西，以及实验可以做出更多有用贡献的地方。31.1气候变化的政治问题在过去150年中，人类活动导致了温室气体排放到大气中的稳步增加，特别是碳排放。这些气体的积累导致全球气温上升，对气候产生连锁反应。这种变暖将产生潜在的灾难性影响，影响人类健康和生活质量，经济增长和地缘政治（USGCRP 2018）。识别和理解气候变化是一个科学问题，但应对气候变化是一个社会和深刻的政治问题。从纯科学的角度来看，解决方案很简单：减少全球碳排放。但要做到这一点，个人必须愿意承担成本，决策者必须确定可行和有效的行动，各国必须能够达成和维持协议。气候变化是世界有史以来面临的最大的集体行动问题。图31.1从广义上描绘了气候变化的政治问题，从个人层面开始，逐步发展到国际气候协议的制定和遵守。每组
Climate change presents a dire political problem. If we are unable to check carbon emissions, increasing temperatures could produce devastating effects around the globe. Effective global climate action requires international coordination; compliance with an international agreement requires public support of climate policy; and public support of climate policy depends on individuals’ climate beliefs. How can experiments shed light on the political challenges involved in addressing climate change? This chapter examines experiments investigating climate beliefs, climate action, and climate coordination, focusing on what we have already learned and where experiments can usefully contribute more. 31.1 The Political Problem of Climate Change Human activities over the past 150 years have resulted in the steadily increasing release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, particularly from carbon emissions. The accumulation of these gases is causing the global temperature to rise, with cascading effects on climate. Such warming will have potentially catastrophic effects, impacting human health and quality of life, economic growth, and geopolitics (USGCRP 2018). Identifying and understanding climate change is a scientific problem, but addressing climate change is a social and deeply political problem. From a purely scientific perspective, the solution is straightforward: cut global carbon emissions. But to do so, individuals must be willing to bear costs, policymakers must identify feasible and effective actions, and nations must be able to reach and maintain agreements. Climate change presents the largest collective action problem the world has ever faced. Figure 31.1 maps the political problem of climate change in broad terms, beginning at the level of the individual and moving to development of and compliance with an international climate agreement. Each set