Excitatory amino acid transporters: roles in glutamatergic neurotransmission.

Excitatory amino acid transporters: roles in glutamatergic neurotransmission.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.neuint.2013.12.008
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发表时间:
2014-07
影响因子:
4.2
通讯作者:
Underhill SM
Underhill SM
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Divito CB;Underhill SM

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兴奋性氨基酸转运蛋白或 EAAT 是神经系统中细胞外谷氨酸的主要转运机制。这个由五种载体组成的家族不仅表现出令人印象深刻的调节周围细胞外 glu 浓度的能力,而且还调节囊泡释放后 glu 的时间和空间分布。这种动态形式的调节介导突触、突触周围以及离子型和代谢型受体的溢出激活的几个特征。 EAAT 通过次级活性、生电过程发挥作用,但还具有热力学解偶联的配体门控阴离子通道活性,这两种活性均已被证明在细胞活性调节中发挥作用。这篇综述将重点介绍 EAAT 作为研究焦点的开始、载体的运输和通道功能,然后描述如何利用这些特性来调节谷氨酸能神经传递。
Excitatory amino acid transporters or EAATs are the major transport mechanism for extracellular glutamate in the nervous system. This family of five carriers not only displays an impressive ability to regulate ambient extracellular glu concentrations but also regulate the temporal and spatial profile of glu after vesicular release. This dynamic form of regulation mediates several characteristic of synaptic, perisynaptic, and spillover activation of ionotropic and metabotropic receptors. EAATs function through a secondary active, electrogenic process but also possess a thermodynamically uncoupled ligand gated anion channel activity, both of which have been demonstrated to play a role in regulation of cellular activity. This review will highlight the inception of EAATs as a focus of research, the transport and channel functionality of the carriers, and then describe how these properties are used to regulate glutamatergic neurotransmission.
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