Extant mat microbes synchronize vertical migration to a diel tempo
Extant mat microbes synchronize vertical migration to a diel tempo
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jglr.2022.10.006
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发表时间：
2023-02-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Stone，Ian P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Biddanda，Bopaiah A.;Weinke，Anthony D.;Stone，Ian P.
动物迁徙标志着当今地球上最大的生物量日迁移，但是谁进行了第一次昼夜迁徙，这意味着什么？现代底栖微生物垫类似于早期地球的栖息休伦湖的低氧，高硫，淹没天坑。在多年的几天里，我们收集了运动的，趋光的，紫色色素的蓝藻能够产氧和缺氧的光合作用，和趋化的，无色素的，化学合成硫氧化细菌沉迷于昼夜垂直迁移的跨垫沉积物界面的延时图像。随着世界的变化，垂直迁移的光合和化学合成细丝的交替波对每日波动的阳光和化学梯度做出快速和非线性的反应。光合作用的蓝藻和硫氧化细菌表现出最快的运动后，黎明和黄昏，这使垫表面明显的紫色在白天和白色在晚上，分别。我们的高频率，延时图像直观地捕捉到了现代同步的昼夜迁移，类似于漫长的前寒武纪期间第一次也是最大的生命日常大规模运动。在此期间，底栖微生物菌席的能动性在直接优化光合作用和化学合成以及间接埋藏碳和给生物圈充氧方面发挥了关键作用。对这些垫生态系统的进一步研究将增加对地球现存生物多样性和生理学的不断扩大的了解。
Animal migrations mark the largest daily movement of biomass on Earth today, but who performed the first diel migration and what are the implications? Modern-day benthic microbial mats resembling those of early Earth inhabit Lake Huron’s low-oxygen, high-sulfur, submerged sinkholes. Over several days during multiple years, we gathered time-lapse images of motile, phototactic, purple-pigmented cyanobacteria capable of oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis, and chemotactic, pigment-free, chemosynthetic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria indulging in diel vertical migration of just 1–2 mm across the mat-sediment interface. As the world turns, alternating waves of vertically migrating photosynthetic and chemosynthetic filaments responded rapidly and non-linearly to daily fluctuating sunlight and chemical gradients. The photosynthesizing cyanobacteria and sulfur oxidizing bacteria exhibited their fastest motility following dawn and dusk, which turned the mat surface visibly purple during day and white at night, respectively. Our high-frequency, time-lapse images visually capture a modern day synchronized diel migration similar to what might have been the first and largest daily mass movement of life during the long Precambrian. During that time, benthic microbial mat motility would have played a critical role in directly optimizing photosynthesis and chemosynthesis, as well as indirectly burying carbon and oxygenating the biosphere. Further studies of these mat ecosystems will add to the expanding knowledge of Earth’s extant biodiversity and physiologies.