Fordisc 3 and Statistical Methods for Estimating Sex and Ancestry
Fordisc 3 and Statistical Methods for Estimating Sex and Ancestry
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Fordisc 3 和估计性别和血统的统计方法
DOI：
10.1002/9781118255377.ch15
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
R. Jantz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Ousley;R. Jantz
作为生物特征的一部分，估计性别和祖先一直是法医人类学家的任务。法医人类学中的性别和祖先是估计的，因为它们是通过其他方式确定或定义的。例如，男性性别是由Y染色体的存在决定的。如果你怀疑性别是估计出来的，想象一下，在确认丈夫的遗体后告诉一位寡妇，“威尔逊夫人，我很抱歉地告诉你，根据某些骨盆特征，我们已经确定你的丈夫是女性。非遗传性别指标显示性别之间的变异性和重叠，某些形态学观察，无论是测量或分类，提供更好的信息，比其他人的性别死者。判别函数分析（英语：Discriminant function analysis，DFA）是一种将观察结果合并到数学公式中以评估未知个体的生物学方面的统计方法。而非度量观测可以在DFA中使用，测量最经常被分析，因为计算更简单的统计方法可以使用。Fordisc（Jantz and Ousley 1993，2005; Ousley and Jantz 1996）是一种使用骨骼测量和DFA分析遗骸的流行工具。虽然Fordisc是最近的发展，但它使用了70多年前首次发表的统计方法（Fisher 1936; Mahalanobis 1936）。本章简要概述了使用DFA，特别是使用Fordisc估计性别和祖先。关于使用Fordisc的更多信息可以在Jantz and Ousley（2012）中找到。
As part of the biological profile, estimating sex and ancestry have long been tasks for the forensic anthropologist. Sex and ancestry in forensic anthropology are estimated because they are determined or defined by other means. For example, male sex is determined by the presence of a Y chromosome. If you doubt that sex is estimated, imagine telling a widow after positive identification of her husband’s remains,“Mrs. Wilson, I’m sorry to inform you that based on certain pelvic features, we have determined that your husband was a female.” Nongenetic sex indicators show variability and overlap between the sexes, and certain morphological observations, whether measured or categorical, provide better information as to the sex of the decedent than others. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) is a statistical method of incorporating observations into a mathematical formula to evaluate biological aspects of unknown individuals. Whereas nonmetric observations can be used in DFA, measurements have most often been analyzed because computationally simpler statistical methods can be employed. Fordisc (Jantz and Ousley 1993, 2005; Ousley and Jantz 1996) is a popular tool for analyzing remains using skeletal measurements and DFA. While Fordisc is a recent development, it uses statistical methods first published over 70 years ago (Fisher 1936; Mahalanobis 1936). This chapter is a brief overview of estimating sex and ancestry using DFA and especially using Fordisc. Further information about using Fordisc can be found in Jantz and Ousley (2012).
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Bamshad, MJ;Wooding, S;Jorde, LB
通讯作者：
Jorde, LB