U.S. Science and Engineering Workforce: Underrepresentation of Women and Minorities
U.S. Science and Engineering Workforce: Underrepresentation of Women and Minorities
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美国科学和工程劳动力：女性和少数族裔代表性不足
DOI：
10.1177/0002764218768847
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
R. Varma
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Varma
越来越多的工业领袖、政府官员和学术学者开始关注美国能否在科学和工程领域成功竞争。这是S&E工作岗位的就业增长速度超过美国所有职业的就业增长速度的时候。文章认为，美国未能建立起技术创新和经济增长所必需的科技人力资本。妇女和少数民族被认为是填补这种差距的关键。在S&E教育和职业中，女性的比例更高。然而，科技领域的总体人口结构并未发生变化。美国科技行业一直在逐步从外国雇佣工人，以满足其S&E内部劳动力的需求。许多公司将这项工作外包给发展中国家，即中国和印度。本文表明，拥抱美国不断变化的人口结构的技术公司将从多样化的S&E劳动力中获得经济利益。
Increasingly, industrial leaders, governmental officials, and academic scholars have become concerned whether the United States can successfully compete in science and engineering (S&E) fields. This is when employment in S&E jobs has grown faster than employment in all occupations in the United States. It is proposed that the United States has not been able to build its S&E human capital necessary for technological innovations and economic growth. Women and minorities are seen as essential to fill the perceived gap. There is a higher representation of women in S&E education and occupations. Yet overall demographics of S&E fields have remained unchanged. The U.S. technology industry has been progressively employing workers from foreign countries to meet their S&E internal workforce needs. Many have been outsourcing the work to developing countries, namely China and India. This article shows that technology companies that embrace the United States’s changing demographics would gain the economic benefits from a diverse S&E workforce.