The cognitive and perceptual correlates of ideological attitudes: a data-driven approach.
The cognitive and perceptual correlates of ideological attitudes: a data-driven approach.
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2020.0424
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发表时间：
2021-04-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Poldrack RA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zmigrod L;Eisenberg IW;Bissett PG;Robbins TW;Poldrack RA
尽管人类的存在被意识形态所包围，但人们对意识形态态度和心理特征之间的关系知之甚少。关于认知倾向--个体在如何感知和处理信息方面的差异--如何塑造个体的意识形态世界观、极端主义信仰倾向和对证据的抵制（或接受），人们所知更少。使用前所未有数量的认知任务（n = 37）和个性调查（n = 22），沿着数据驱动的分析，包括漂移扩散和贝叶斯建模，我们发现了政治，民族主义，宗教和教条主义信仰的特定心理特征。认知和人格评估在解释意识形态偏好的个体差异方面始终优于人口统计学预测因素4至15倍。此外，数据驱动的分析表明，个人的意识形态态度反映了他们的认知决策策略。保守主义和民族主义与知觉决策任务中的更大谨慎和减少战略信息处理有关，而教条主义则与证据积累缓慢和冲动倾向有关。在提高宜人性和风险感知方面，谨慎是有牵连的。极端的亲群体态度，包括对外群体的暴力支持，与较差的工作记忆，较慢的感知策略，以及冲动和寻求感觉的倾向有关-反映了保守主义和教条主义的心理特征的重叠。认知和个性签名也产生了意识形态，如专制主义，系统的理由，社会主导地位的取向，爱国主义和接受证据或替代观点;阐明其基础，并强调未来的研究途径。这些发现表明，意识形态世界观可能反映了低水平的感知和认知功能。这篇文章是“政治大脑：神经认知和计算机制”主题的一部分。
Although human existence is enveloped by ideologies, remarkably little is understood about the relationships between ideological attitudes and psychological traits. Even less is known about how cognitive dispositions—individual differences in how information is perceived and processed— sculpt individuals' ideological worldviews, proclivities for extremist beliefs and resistance (or receptivity) to evidence. Using an unprecedented number of cognitive tasks (n = 37) and personality surveys (n = 22), along with data-driven analyses including drift-diffusion and Bayesian modelling, we uncovered the specific psychological signatures of political, nationalistic, religious and dogmatic beliefs. Cognitive and personality assessments consistently outperformed demographic predictors in accounting for individual differences in ideological preferences by 4 to 15-fold. Furthermore, data-driven analyses revealed that individuals’ ideological attitudes mirrored their cognitive decision-making strategies. Conservatism and nationalism were related to greater caution in perceptual decision-making tasks and to reduced strategic information processing, while dogmatism was associated with slower evidence accumulation and impulsive tendencies. Religiosity was implicated in heightened agreeableness and risk perception. Extreme pro-group attitudes, including violence endorsement against outgroups, were linked to poorer working memory, slower perceptual strategies, and tendencies towards impulsivity and sensation-seeking—reflecting overlaps with the psychological profiles of conservatism and dogmatism. Cognitive and personality signatures were also generated for ideologies such as authoritarianism, system justification, social dominance orientation, patriotism and receptivity to evidence or alternative viewpoints; elucidating their underpinnings and highlighting avenues for future research. Together these findings suggest that ideological worldviews may be reflective of low-level perceptual and cognitive functions. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The political brain: neurocognitive and computational mechanisms’.
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影响因子：
16.6
作者：
Eisenberg, Ian W.;Bissett, Patrick G.;Poldrack, Russell A.
通讯作者：
Poldrack, Russell A.
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Chirumbolo, A
通讯作者：
Chirumbolo, A
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Brown, Adam M.
通讯作者：
Brown, Adam M.
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Cohrs, J. Christopher;Asbrock, Frank
通讯作者：
Asbrock, Frank
DOI：
10.1111/j.1468-5906.2009.01441.x
发表时间：
2009-06-01
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Collett, Jessica L.;Lizardo, Omar
通讯作者：
Lizardo, Omar