Place effects on health: how can we conceptualise, operationalise and measure them?
Place effects on health: how can we conceptualise, operationalise and measure them?
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DOI：
10.1016/s0277-9536(01)00214-3
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发表时间：
2002-07-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Cummins, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Macintyre, S;Ellaway, A;Cummins, S
在本文中，我们强调我们认为是缺乏足够的概念化，操作化和测量的“地方效应”。我们简要回顾了最近的历史趋势，在工业化国家的健康的影响的研究，并认为，“地方效应”往往出现了一个剩余类别的状态，一个未指明的黑盒子有点神秘的影响，对健康的研究人员控制了一系列的个人和地方的特点。我们注意到，“组成”和“背景”之间的区别可能比真实的更明显，物质基础设施和集体社会功能的特点可能会影响健康。我们建议使用人类普遍需求的框架作为思考地方如何影响健康的基础，并建议测试有关可能将居住地与健康结果联系起来的特定因果链的假设。(C)2002爱思唯尔科技有限公司版权所有。
In this paper we highlight what we consider to be a lack of adequate conceptualisation, operationalisation and measurement of "place effects". We briefly review recent historical trends in the study of the effects of place on health in industrial countries, and argue that "place effects" often appear to have the status of a residual category, an unspecified black box of somewhat mystical influences on health which remain after investigators have controlled for a range of individual and place characteristics. We note that the distinction between "composition" and "context" may be more apparent than real, and that features of both material infrastructure and collective social functioning may influence health. We suggest using a framework of universal human needs as a basis for thinking about how places may influence health, and recommend the testing of hypotheses about specific chains of causation that might link place of residence with health outcomes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.