Confocal microprobe Raman imaging of urban tropospheric aerosol particles
Confocal microprobe Raman imaging of urban tropospheric aerosol particles
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DOI：
10.1021/es051294x
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发表时间：
2006-02-15
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Bremard, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Batonneau, Y;Sobanska, S;Bremard, C
空气动力学直径< 1，1-2.5和2.5-10 μ m的颗粒物收集在两个季节在两个市区分别位于东北和西南部的铅/锌冶炼厂位于前矿区的北方法国。我们证明了计算机控制的拉曼映射和多元曲线分辨率（MCR）的拉曼图像的组合使用，以确定在气溶胶粒子的水平上的非均相化学的有效性。由此产生的主要物种的分子图像被认为是在准确的协议与元素的图像通过WDS的X-射线映射。环境扫描电子显微镜是非常有用的本地化备用富金属颗粒之前，拉曼映射。当风从西侧吹来时，在东北部（NE）采样点检测到一些含有磷氯铅矿（Pb-5（PO 4）（3）OH）和锌铁锰矿（ZnxFe 3-xO 4）的混合矿物粉尘的备用颗粒。这些颗粒可能是由于风的作用或受污染表层土壤的机械扰动而悬浮在对流层中的。在10-2.5和2.5-1 μ m级分中最多的颗粒是NaCl、CaCO_3、CaSO_4中心点2 H（2）O、CaMg（CO_3）（2）、SiO_2、长石、粘土矿物、α-Fe_A、NaNO_3和Ca（NO_3）（2）中心点4 H（2）O的聚集体。黑碳和（NH 4）（2）SO 4颗粒主要在最细的部分中观察到。当风从东北方向吹来时，在西南（SW）采样点采集的10-2.5和2.5-1微米级颗粒中检测到富Pb和富Zn颗粒并不罕见。这些混合颗粒物可能是由冶炼厂排放的PbSO_4、PbO中心点PbSO_4和ZnS颗粒与吸湿矿物粉尘在对流层输送过程中聚集而成。
Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters of < 1, 1-2.5, and 2.5-10 mu m were collected during two seasons in two urban zones situated northeast and southwest, respectively, of a lead/zinc smelter located in a former mining region of northern France. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the combined use of computer-controlled Raman mapping and multivariate curve resolution (MCR) of the Raman images to determine heterogeneous chemistry at the level of aerosol particle. The resulting molecular images of major species were found to be in accurate agreement with elemental images obtained by WDS X-ray-mapping. Environmental SEM was very useful to localize spare metal-rich particles before Raman mapping. Some spare particles containing pyromorphite (Pb-5(PO4)(3)OH) and franklinite (ZnxFe3-xO4) mixed with mineral dust were detected at the northeast (NE) sampling site, when the wind was blowing from the west (W) sector. These particles were probably suspended in the troposphere by the action of wind or by mechanical disturbance of polluted top soils. The most abundantly encountered particles in the 10-2.5 and 2.5-1 mu m fractions were found to be aggregates of NaCl, CaCO3, CaSO4 center dot 2H(2)O, CaMg(CO3)(2), SiO2, feldspar, clay minerals, alpha-FeA, NaNO3, and Ca(NO3)(2)center dot 4H(2)O. Black carbon and (NH4)(2)SO4 particles were observed predominantly in the finest fraction. It was not rare to detect Pb and Zn-rich particles in the 10-2.5 and 2.5-1,urn fractions collected at the southwest (SW) sampling site, when the wind was blowing from the NE sector. Most of these mixed particles probably result from the aggregation between PbSO4, PbO center dot PbSO4, and ZnS particles emitted by the smelters and hydroscopic mineral dust during transport in the troposphere.