Electrons surfing on a sound wave as a platform for quantum optics with flying electrons
Electrons surfing on a sound wave as a platform for quantum optics with flying electrons
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DOI：
10.1038/nature10416
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发表时间：
2011-09-22
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Meunier, Tristan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hermelin, Sylvain;Takada, Shintaro;Meunier, Tristan
金属中的电子是与其他电子及其环境强烈相互作用的不可区分的粒子。因此，以类似于单光子量子光学实验的方式分离和检测传播后的单个飞行电子是一项具有挑战性的任务。到目前为止，在高迁移率的二维电子气中只进行了几次实验，其中电子几乎以弹道方式传播（3-5）。在这些先前的工作中，飞行电子通过由电子系综产生的电流来检测，并且电子相关性在电流噪声中被加密。在这里，我们展示了高效率的单电子源和检测器的实验实现的单个电子传播隔离的其他电子通过一维通道。运动势由表面声波激发，表面声波以3 μ m ns（-1）的速度沿一维通道沿着携带单个电子。当这个量子通道被放置在两个相距几微米的量子点之间时，单个电子可以从一个量子点传输到另一个量子点，发射和检测的量子效率分别为96%和92%。此外，电子的转移可以在比GaAs自旋量子比特的相干时间T-2* 更短的时间尺度上触发（6）。我们的工作为研究单电子自旋的隐形传态和凝聚态系统中空间分离的量子比特之间的远距离相互作用开辟了新的途径。
Electrons in a metal are indistinguishable particles that interact strongly with other electrons and their environment. Isolating and detecting a single flying electron after propagation, in a similar manner to quantum optics experiments with single photons(1,2), is therefore a challenging task. So far only a few experiments have been performed in a high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas in which the electron propagates almost ballistically(3-5). In these previous works, flying electrons were detected by means of the current generated by an ensemble of electrons, and electron correlations were encrypted in the current noise. Here we demonstrate the experimental realization of high-efficiency single-electron source and detector for a single electron propagating isolated from the other electrons through a one-dimensional channel. The moving potential is excited by a surface acoustic wave, which carries the single electron along the one-dimensional channel at a speed of 3 mu m ns(-1). When this quantum channel is placed between two quantum dots several micrometres apart, a single electron can be transported from one quantum dot to the other with quantum efficiencies of emission and detection of 96% and 92%, respectively. Furthermore, the transfer of the electron can be triggered on a timescale shorter than the coherence time T-2* of GaAs spin qubits(6). Our work opens new avenues with which to study the teleportation of a single electron spin and the distant interaction between spatially separated qubits in a condensed-matter system.