Reasoning and working memory: common and distinct neuronal processes
Reasoning and working memory: common and distinct neuronal processes
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s0028-3932(03)00016-2
复制
发表时间：
2003-12
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
C. Ruff;M. Knauff;T. Fangmeier;J. Spreer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Ruff;M. Knauff;T. Fangmeier;J. Spreer
应用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究了推理的神经元过程和相关的工作记忆子系统。12名志愿者解决了关系推理问题，这些问题要么支持一个（确定的）解决方案，要么支持几个替代解决方案（不确定的）。在第二种情况下，参与者在工作记忆中保持这些问题的相同前提，而不进行推理。虽然问题以听觉形式呈现，但在一个由双侧次级视觉皮层、后扣带皮层和内侧前额叶皮层组成的网络中，发现了推理和维持的活动。在直接比较中，推理比维持与更强的背外侧和内侧前额叶激活相关，而维持比推理导致更强的外侧顶叶激活。参与者的视觉空间能力（“块设计”分数）与行为表现呈正相关，与楔前叶推理活动呈负相关，但与维持能力无关。这些结果支持了关系推理是基于视觉空间心理模型的观点，并且它们有助于区分与推理本身相关的神经元过程与在工作记忆中维护问题信息相关的神经元过程。
The neuronal processes underlying reasoning and the related working memory subsystems were examined with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Twelve volunteers solved relational reasoning problems which either supported a single (determinate) or several alternative solutions (indeterminate). In a second condition, participants maintained the identical premises of these problems in working memory without making inferences. Although problems were presented in auditory format, activity was detected for both reasoning and maintenance in a network comprising bilaterally the secondary visual cortex, the posterior cingulate cortex, and the medial anterior frontal cortex. In direct comparisons, reasoning was associated with stronger dorsolateral and medial prefrontal activation than maintenance, whereas maintenance led to stronger lateral parietal activation than reasoning. Participants’ visuo-spatial abilities (“Block Design” score) covaried positively with behavioral performance and negatively with activity of the precuneus for reasoning, but not for maintenance. These results support the notion that relational reasoning is based on visuo-spatial mental models, and they help to distinguish the neuronal processes related to reasoning itself versus to the maintenance of problem information in working memory.