Effect of shallow groundwater table on crop water requirements and crop yields
Effect of shallow groundwater table on crop water requirements and crop yields
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DOI：
10.1016/j.agwat.2005.01.005
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发表时间：
2005-07-30
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Zia-ul-Haq
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kahlown, MA;Ashraf, M;Zia-ul-Haq
由于人口不断增长，对食品和纤维的需求不断增加，巴基斯坦淡水资源面临的压力越来越大。地表水资源和地下水资源的优化利用对于填补水供需缺口变得极其重要。在巴基斯坦拉合尔，建造了 18 个蒸渗仪，每个深度为 3.05 m x 3.05 m x 6.1 m，以研究浅地下水位对作物需水量的影响。渗漏计与带有 Marriotte 虹吸管的瓶子相连，以将地下水位保持在所需水平，并安装张力计来测量土壤水势。研究的作物包括小麦、甘蔗、玉米、高粱、啤酒花和向日葵。这些研究结果表明，地下水在满足作物需水量方面的贡献随地下水位深度的不同而变化。在地下水位0.5 m深的情况下，小麦从地下水中满足其全部需水量，向日葵则从地下水中吸收了80%以上的需水量。玉米和高粱被发现是对涝敏感的作物，其产量随着地下水位的升高而降低。然而，当地下水位深度等于或低于 2.0 m 时，可以获得最大甘蔗产量。一般来说，1.5-2.0 m 的地下水位深度对于所有研究的作物来说是最佳的。在地下水位较浅的地区，现有的灌溉供应和供水制度需要调整，以避免过度灌溉和低效用水。 (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
Due to the increasing demand for food and fiber by its ever-increasing population, the pressure on fresh water resources of Pakistan is increasing. Optimum utilization of surface and groundwater resources has become extremely important to fill the gap between water demand and supply. At Lahore, Pakistan 18 lysimeters, each 3.05 m x 3.05 m x 6.1 m deep were constructed to investigate the effect of shallow water tables on crop water requirements. The lysimeters were connected to bottles with Marriotte siphons to maintain the water tables at the desired levels and tensiometers were installed to measure soil water potential. The crops studied included wheat, sugarcane, maize, sorghum, berseem and sunflower. The results of these studies showed that the contribution of groundwater in meeting the crop water requirements varied with the water-table depth. With the water table at 0.5 m depth, wheat met its entire water requirement from the groundwater and sunflower absorbed more than 80% of its required water from groundwater. Maize and sorghum were found to be waterlogging sensitive crops whose yields were reduced with higher water table. However, maximum sugarcane yield was obtained with the water table at or below 2.0 m depth. Generally, the water-table depth of 1.5-2.0 m was found to be optimum for all the crops studied. In areas where the water table is shallow, the present system of irrigation supplies and water allowance needs adjustments to avoid over irrigation and in-efficient use of water. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.