Humidity-Dependent Decay of Viruses, but Not Bacteria, in Aerosols and Droplets Follows Disinfection Kinetics
Humidity-Dependent Decay of Viruses, but Not Bacteria, in Aerosols and Droplets Follows Disinfection Kinetics
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.9b04959
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发表时间：
2020-01-21
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Marr, Linsey C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lin, Kaisen;Marr, Linsey C.
一些传染病的传播需要病原体能够存活（即，保持感染性）在环境中，在宿主之外。已知相对湿度（RH）会影响环境中某些微生物的存活;然而，这种关系的机制尚未得到解释，特别是对于病毒。我们研究了RH对悬浮气溶胶和静止液滴中细菌和病毒活力的影响，使用传统的基于培养的方法。结果表明，随着相对湿度的降低，细菌的存活率普遍下降。病毒在低于33%的相对湿度和100%的相对湿度下存活良好，而在中等相对湿度下它们的活力降低。然后，我们探索了由培养基组成的液滴的蒸发速率以及溶质浓度随时间的变化;随着水从液滴蒸发，培养基中的溶质（如氯化钠）变得更加浓缩。基于这些结果，我们认为细菌的失活受到渗透压的影响，渗透压是由于液滴蒸发时盐浓度升高而引起的。我们建议，病毒的灭活是由累积剂量的溶质或产品的浓度和时间，在消毒动力学。这些研究结果强调，蒸发动力学在调节液滴中微生物的存活中起作用。
The transmission of some infectious diseases requires that pathogens can survive (i.e., remain infectious) in the environment, outside the host. Relative humidity (RH) is known to affect the survival of some microorganisms in the environment; however, the mechanism underlying the relationship has not been explained, particularly for viruses. We investigated the effects of RH on the viability of bacteria and viruses in both suspended aerosols and stationary droplets using traditional culture-based approaches. Results showed that viability of bacteria generally decreased with decreasing RH. Viruses survived well at RHs lower than 33% and at 100%, whereas their viability was reduced at intermediate RHs. We then explored the evaporation rate of droplets consisting of culture media and the resulting changes in solute concentrations over time; as water evaporates from the droplets, solutes such as sodium chloride in the media become more concentrated. Based on the results, we suggest that inactivation of bacteria is influenced by osmotic pressure resulting from elevated concentrations of salts as droplets evaporate. We propose that the inactivation of viruses is governed by the cumulative dose of solutes or the product of concentration and time, as in disinfection kinetics. These findings emphasize that evaporation kinetics play a role in modulating the survival of microorganisms in droplets.