The formation and sequestration of heterochromatin during development Delivered on 7 September 2012 at the 37th FEBS Congress in Sevilla, Spain
The formation and sequestration of heterochromatin during development Delivered on 7 September 2012 at the 37th FEBS Congress in Sevilla, Spain
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DOI：
10.1111/febs.12319
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发表时间：
2013-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Gasser, Susan M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gonzalez-Sandoval, Adriana;Towbin, Benjamin D.;Gasser, Susan M.
染色质不是随机定位在细胞核中，而是根据其压缩程度和转录状态分布在子结构域中。最近的研究揭示了染色质分布的逻辑，表明组织特异性启动子在细胞类型分化过程中驱动不同的基因定位模式。此外，已发现异染色质在核膜上的隔离取决于核纤层蛋白和核纤层蛋白相关蛋白。在染色质方面，H3K9 单甲基化、二甲基化和三甲基化被证明是蠕虫胚胎核中核周锚定的关键信号。人类细胞中等效组蛋白甲基转移酶 G9a 的下调也具有类似的效果。在线虫中，受抑制的染色质对末端甲基转移酶的隔离可能促进异染色质区室的繁殖，就像芽殖酵母中沉默信息调节复合物在端粒病灶处的隔离一样。这些结果支持真核细胞核组织中的保守逻辑。
Chromatin is not randomly positioned in the nucleus, but is distributed in subdomains based on its degree of compaction and transcriptional status. Recent studies have shed light on the logic of chromatin distribution, showing that tissue-specific promoters drive distinct patterns of gene positioning during cell-type differentiation. In addition, the sequestration of heterochromatin at the nuclear envelope has been found to depend on lamin and lamin-associated proteins. On the chromatin side, H3K9 monomethylation, dimethylation and trimethylation were shown to be the critical signals for perinuclear anchoring in worm embryonic nuclei. Downregulation of an equivalent histone methyltransferase, G9a, in human cells has a similar effect. In worms, the sequestration of the terminal methyltransferase by repressed chromatin may facilitate the propagation of a heterochromatin compartment, much as the sequestration of the silent information regulatory complex does at telomeric foci in budding yeast. These results argue for conserved logic in eukaryotic nuclear organization.