How traits shape trees: new approaches for detecting character state-dependent lineage diversification
How traits shape trees: new approaches for detecting character state-dependent lineage diversification
复制标题
特征如何塑造树：检测特征状态依赖的谱系多样化的新方法
DOI：
10.1111/jeb.12460
复制
发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Smith, S. D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ng, J.;Smith, S. D.
生物学家长期以来一直试图了解生命树中进化枝大小差异的潜在过程，以及这种进化枝大小差异在多大程度上可以归因于特定性状的进化。某些特征状态与物种丰富的进化枝的关联表明，性状进化可以导致多样化的增加，但这种模式也可能由于其他过程而出现，例如定向性状进化。系统发育比较方法的最新进展为区分这些相互交织且可能混淆的宏观进化过程提供了新的统计方法。在这里，我们回顾了检测状态依赖多样化的方法的历史发展，并探讨了哪些新方法揭示了影响多样化特征的经典例子，包括进化死胡同、关键创新和地理特征。迄今为止，这些方法的应用总体表明，性状多样性通常是通过转变、物种形成和灭绝率之间复杂的相互作用而产生的，而长期假设的进化死胡同和关键创新往往是性状进化方向性趋势的例子。
Biologists have long sought to understand the processes underlying disparities in clade size across the tree of life and the extent to which such clade size differences can be attributed to the evolution of particular traits. The association of certain character states with species‐rich clades suggests that trait evolution can lead to increased diversification, but such a pattern could also arise due other processes, such as directional trait evolution. Recent advances in phylogenetic comparative methods have provided new statistical approaches for distinguishing between these intertwined and potentially confounded macroevolutionary processes. Here, we review the historical development of methods for detecting state‐dependent diversification and explore what new methods have revealed about classic examples of traits that affect diversification, including evolutionary dead ends, key innovations and geographic traits. Applications of these methods thus far collectively suggest that trait diversity commonly arises through the complex interplay between transition, speciation and extinction rates and that long hypothesized evolutionary dead ends and key innovations are instead often cases of directional trends in trait evolution.