Essentiality of copper in humans
Essentiality of copper in humans
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DOI：
10.1093/ajcn/67.5.952s
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发表时间：
1998-05-01
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Gonzalez, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Uauy, R;Olivares, M;Gonzalez, M
综述了铜的必要性的生化基础、膳食铜供应的充分性、造成铜缺乏的因素以及婴儿早期铜营养的特殊条件。新的生化和结晶学证据将铜定义为铜酶的结构和催化性能所必需的。在哺乳动物中，负责控制铜原蛋白基因表达的机制尚不清楚；然而，以酵母作为真核细胞模型的研究支持了铜依赖基因调控元件的存在。西方国家的饮食提供的铜低于或处于估计的安全和充足的每日饮食摄入量的低范围内。铜缺乏通常是出生时铜储存减少、饮食铜摄入量不足、吸收不良、快速生长导致的需求增加或铜损失增加的结果。铜缺乏症最常见的临床表现是贫血、中性粒细胞减少和骨骼异常。关于膳食铜摄入量和铜总暴露量的建议，包括来自饮用水的建议，应考虑到铜是一种基本营养素，如果负荷超过耐受性，则具有潜在的毒性。应确定一般人群的安全摄入量范围，包括较低的安全摄入量和较高的安全摄入量，以防止对大多数人口的营养缺乏和毒性。
The biochemical basis for the essentiality of copper, the adequacy of the dietary copper supply, factors that condition deficiency, and the special conditions of copper nutriture in early infancy are reviewed. New biochemical and crystallographic evidence define copper as being necessary for structural and catalytic properties of cuproenzymes. Mechanisms responsible for the control of cuproprotein gene expression are not known in mammals; however, studies using yeast as a eukaryote model support the existence of a copper-dependent gene regulatory element. Diets in Western countries provide copper below or in the low range of the estimated safe and adequate daily dietary intake. Copper deficiency is usually the consequence of decreased copper stores at birth, inadequate dietary copper intake, poor absorption, elevated requirements induced by rapid growth, or increased copper losses. The most frequent clinical manifestations of copper deficiency are anemia, neutropenia, and bone abnormalities. Recommendations for dietary copper intake and total copper exposure, including that from potable water, should consider that copper is an essential nutrient with potential toxicity if the load exceeds tolerance. A range of safe intakes should be defined for the general population, including a lower safe intake and an upper safe intake, to prevent deficiency as well as toxicity for most of the population.