The Climate of the Arctic
The Climate of the Arctic
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-21696-6
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Przybylak
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Przybylak
世纪末，科学家们提出了极地可能在塑造全球气候方面发挥关键作用的假说。这一假设在近几十年来进行的实证和模型研究中得到了充分的证实。大约1975年以后，全球变暖的加剧使人们关注这一现象的物理原因。当时建立的第一个气候模型和对长期观测系列的分析一致表明，极地地区对气候变化最敏感。这引起了许多研究人员的兴趣，他们认为对这些地区发生的过程进行检查可能有助于确定全球气候系统“运作”的机制。迫切需要更好地认识极地地区的这些进程，这可能是组织2007 - 2008年第四个国际极地年的主要动力。这一国际科学努力的成功也影响了在第四个国际极地年正式结束后的未来几年中继续开展比以往更大的活动的决定（国际极地倡议，http：//internationalpolarinitiative。org/IPIabout. html）。本书的第一版于2003年出版，就在第四个国际和平年的想法诞生之前。从那时起，对北极气候研究的兴趣显著增加，原因之一是在20世纪90年代中期开始的北极大规模变暖（比长期平均值高出1摄氏度）之后，在北极观察到的环境发生了巨大变化。海冰特征（范围和厚度）的变化最为显著。可以说，在2007年和2012年，北冰洋9月份的海冰数量创下了历史最低记录。前面提到的对北极气候前所未有的兴趣导致了许多新的重要论文、书籍、报告等的出版，其中大部分已被纳入新版《北极气候》。本出版物共分11章，主要目的是介绍以下方面的知识现状：（1）20世纪后半叶的北极气候及其主要驱动因素（第1章）。1，2，3，4，5，6，7，8和9），和（2）在过去的10 - 11000年北极气候的变化（章。（见第10和11段）。考虑到
At the end of the nineteenth century, researchers put forward the hypothesis that the Polar regions may play the key role in shaping the global climate. This supposition then found full confirmation in empirical and model research conducted in recent decades. The intensification of global warming after about 1975 brought into focus the physical causes of this phenomenon. The first climate models, created at that time, and analyses of long observation series consistently showed that the Polar regions are the most sensitive to climate changes. This aroused the interest of numerous researchers, who thought that the examination of the processes taking place in these regions might help determine the mechanisms responsible for the ‘workings’ of the global climate system. The urgent need to better recognize these processes in the Polar regions was probably the main impulse behind the organization of the fourth International Polar Year (IPY) in 2007–2008. The success of this international scientific effort also influenced the decision to continue the greater than usual activity in the coming years, after the official end of the fourth IPY (International Polar Initiative, http://internationalpolarinitiative. org/IPIabout. html). The first edition of this book was published in 2003, just before the birth of the idea for that fourth IPY. Since that time, interest in the study of the Arctic climate has significantly increased, due–among other reasons–to the dramatic changes in the environment observed in the Arctic following the large-scale warming of the area (more that 1 C above the long-term mean) that began in the mid-1990s. The most spectacular change was observed in sea ice characteristics (extent and thickness). Suffice to say, that in 2007 and 2012, a record minimum sea ice was noted during September in the Arctic Ocean. The previously mentioned unprecedented level of interest in the Arctic climate resulted in the publishing of many new important papers, books, reports, etc., of which the majority have been taken into account in this new edition of the Climate of the Arctic. The primary aim of the 11 chapters of this publication is to present the current state of knowledge of:(1) the Arctic climate in the second half of the twentieth century and its main drivers (Chaps. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9), and (2) changes in the Arctic climate over the last 10–11,000 years (Chaps. 10 and 11). In view of the