The fossil record of South American short-faced bears (Ursidae, Tremarctinae)
The fossil record of South American short-faced bears (Ursidae, Tremarctinae)
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南美短面熊（Ursidae、Tremarctinae）的化石记录
DOI：
10.1016/j.jsames.2005.07.005
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
M. Bond
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Soibelzon;E. Tonni;M. Bond
本研究包括短面熊（熊科，Tremartinae）在南美洲的地理和地层分布的审查。此外，作者还讨论了关于南美洲tremarctines起源的地理学假说。Tremartinae亚科仅分布于美国，从阿拉斯加到巴塔哥尼亚南部。它的生物年代包括晚中新世和近代之间的时间推移;北美的第一个记录对应于Hemphillian，最后一个记录对应于Rancholabrean。在南美洲，第一个记录对应于Ensenadan。在今天，它相当于唯一活着的tremarctine，“安第斯熊”，但短面熊在全新世早期灭绝。短面熊在北美和南美的灭绝似乎是几乎同步的。最后，南美洲的化石记录显示，物种在恩塞纳丹期和博纳期之间发生了更替，在此期间，巨大的物种狭齿熊兽（Arctotherium angustidens）被塔里木熊兽（Arctotherium tarijense）、博纳熊兽（Arctotherium bonaeriense）和野熊兽（Arctotherium vetustum）（可能还有Wingei熊兽）所取代。
The present study includes a review of the geographic and stratigraphic distribution of short-faced bears (Ursidae, Tremarctinae) in South America. In addition, the authors discuss biogeographic hypotheses regarding the origin of South American tremarctines. The Tremarctinae subfamily is distributed exclusively in America, from Alaska to southern Patagonia. Its biochron comprises the temporal lapse between Late Miocene and recent times; the first record of Tremarctinae in North America corresponds to the Hemphillian and the last to the Rancholabrean. In South America, the first record corresponds to the Ensenadan. In the present day, it corresponds to the only living tremarctine, the ‘Andean Bear,’ but short-faced bears became extinct during the early Holocene. The extinction of short-faced bears in North and South America appears to have been approximately synchronous. Finally, the fossil record in South America indicates species turnover between the Ensenadan and Bonaerian, during which time the giant species Arctotherium angustidens was replaced by Arctotherium tarijense, Arctotherium bonaeriense, and Arctotherium vetustum (and probably Arctotherium wingei).