Omega-3 Fatty acids for cardiovascular disease prevention.
Omega-3 Fatty acids for cardiovascular disease prevention.
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DOI：
10.1007/s11936-010-0079-4
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发表时间：
2010-08-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Jacobson, Terry A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Defilippis, Andrew Paul;Blaha, Michael J;Jacobson, Terry A
评论声明：omega-3脂肪酸的主要饮食来源是含有二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)的鱼类，以及含有α-亚麻酸(ALA)的坚果、种子和植物油。Omega-3脂肪酸，特别是那些来自海洋来源的脂肪酸，可能是心血管疾病一级和二级预防的有用工具。Omega-3通过多种机制发挥其心脏保护作用，包括减少心律失常和改变前列腺素的产生，前列腺素可以减少炎症，改善血小板和内皮功能。尽管进行了广泛的研究，但到目前为止，还没有发现omega-3的严重不良反应。在成年人中，食用富含omega-3的鱼所产生的汞暴露的任何潜在危害，都超过了已证实的吃鱼对心血管的好处。尽管增加了阿司匹林和氯吡格雷的同时使用，但对出血并发症增加的担忧并未成为现实。我们建议每周两次食用一份(200-400克)高脂肪鱼类，并建议饮食中包含富含丙氨酸的食物，以初级预防心血管疾病。对于有已知心血管疾病或充血性心力衰竭的患者，我们建议每天食用一份(200-400克)高脂肪鱼类或含有900毫克EPA+DHA的鱼油补充剂，以及富含ALA的饮食。
OPINION STATEMENT: Major dietary sources of omega-3 fatty acids are fish containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), as well as nuts, seeds, and vegetable oils containing alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). Omega-3 fatty acids, especially those derived from marine sources, may be a useful tool for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Omega-3s exert their cardioprotective effects through multiple mechanisms, including reducing arrhythmias and altering production of prostaglandins, which reduces inflammation and improves platelet and endothelial function. To date, no serious adverse effects of omega-3s have been identified, despite extensive study. In adults, any potential harm from mercury exposure from consuming fish rich in omega-3s is outweighed by the proven cardiovascular benefits of eating fish. Concerns over increased bleeding complications have not materialized despite the increased concomitant use of aspirin and clopidogrel. We recommend one serving (200-400g) of fatty fish two times per week and a diet that includes foods rich in ALA for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. We recommend one serving (200-400g) of fatty fish or a fish oil supplement containing 900mg of EPA + DHA every day and a diet rich in ALA for patients with known cardiovascular disease or congestive heart failure.