Is there a second fragrance gene in rice?
Is there a second fragrance gene in rice?
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-7652.2008.00327.x
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发表时间：
2008-05-01
影响因子：
13.8
通讯作者：
Butardo, Vito M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fitzgerald, Melissa A.;Hamilton, N. Ruaraidh Sackville;Butardo, Vito M.
芳香稻受到大多数稻米消费者的高度重视，许多国家都种植传统和改良的芳香品种。 2-乙酰基-1-吡咯啉 (2AP) 是稻米中的主要芳香化合物，据信是由于香味基因座等位基因中的八碱基对 (8-bp) 缺失而积累的。在这项研究中，对来自国际水稻研究所 T.T. Chang 遗传资源中心的 464 个传统水稻品种样品中的 2AP 进行了量化，并确定了香味等位基因 (fgr) 是否存在。结果表明，许多主要来自南亚和东南亚的芳香品种不携带 8-bp 缺失，但在这些品种的生米和熟米中均发现了 2AP。我们认为fgr中的8-bp缺失并不是香气的唯一原因，至少还有一种其他突变驱动2AP的积累。大多数统一的 fgr 基因型中的 2AP 量与芳香族 nfgr 基因型中的 2AP 量没有显着差异，但主要来自南亚的几种 fgr 基因型可重复地积累异常大量的 2AP。我们认为，芳香族 nfgr 品种中导致 2AP 的突变可能多次起源，并且通过驯化或进化，fgr 基因和导致 2AP 的其他等位基因在南亚结合，产生了几个高度芳香的传统品种。 2AP 多个突变的鉴定将使水稻育种计划能够积极选择 2AP 的多个遗传来源，从而开发出高芳香性的高品质水稻品种。
Aromatic rice is highly prized by most rice consumers, and many countries cultivate traditional and improved aromatic varieties. 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) is the major aromatic compound in rice, and is believed to accumulate because of an eight-base-pair (8-bp) deletion in an allele at the fragrance locus. In this study, 2AP was quantified and the presence or absence of the fragrance allele (fgr) was determined in 464 samples of traditional varieties of rice from the T.T. Chang Genetic Resources Centre at the International Rice Research Institute. It was shown that a number of aromatic varieties, primarily from South and South-East Asia, do not carry the 8-bp deletion, but 2AP was identified in both raw and cooked rice of these varieties. We suggest that the 8-bp deletion in fgr is not the only cause of aroma, and at least one other mutation drives the accumulation of 2AP. The amount of 2AP in most uniform fgr genotypes was not significantly different from that in aromatic nfgr genotypes, but several fgr genotypes, primarily from South Asia, reproducibly accumulated exceptionally large amounts of 2AP. We suggest that the mutation leading to 2AP in aromatic nfgr varieties possibly originated several times and, through either domestication or evolution, the fgr gene and other alleles leading to 2AP have combined in South Asia, leading to several highly aromatic traditional varieties. The identification of multiple mutations for 2AP will enable rice breeding programmes to select actively for multiple genetic sources of 2AP, leading to the development of highly aromatic and, consequently, high-quality varieties of rice.