The dynamic nature of eukaryotic genomes
The dynamic nature of eukaryotic genomes
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DOI：
10.1093/molbev/msn032
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发表时间：
2008-04-01
影响因子：
10.7
通讯作者：
Katz, Laura A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Parfrey, Laura Wegener;Lahr, Daniel J. G.;Katz, Laura A.
对各种真核生物的分析表明，基因组是动态的，有时是戏剧性的。在真核生物生命树上的许多谱系中，DNA含量在整个生命周期中在个体内和物种内的个体之间都不同。随着来自不同真核生物的基因组序列的完成，基因组动态化的例子正在加速发现。虽然对动物、真菌和植物的基因组了解很多，但这些谱系只代表了真核生物60-200个谱系中的3个。在这里，我们讨论样本真核生物谱系中的不同基因组策略，包括众多微生物真核生物，以揭示挑战现有基因组进化观点的戏剧性变异。例如，在“放射虫”的一些成员的生活史中，倍性从单倍体(N)增加到大约1000N，而肠道寄生虫内阿米巴的种群内变异性从4N到40N不等。在我们自己的物种中也发现了变异，个体之间的基因含量和染色体长度都有很大差异。关于基因组动态性质的数据将人们对基因组的看法从固定的和具有物种特征的(类型学)转变为由于物种内和物种之间的差异而形成的可塑性。
Analyses of diverse eukaryotes reveal that genomes are dynamic, sometimes dramatically so. In numerous lineages across the eukaryotic tree of life, DNA content varies within individuals throughout life cycles and among individuals within species. Discovery of examples of genome dynamism is accelerating as genome sequences are completed from diverse eukaryotes. Though much is known about genomes in animals, fungi, and plants, these lineages represent only 3 of the 60-200 lineages of eukaryotes. Here, we discuss diverse genomic strategies in exemplar eukaryotic lineages, including numerous microbial eukaryotes, to reveal dramatic variation that challenges established views of genome evolution. For example, in the life cycle of some members of the "radiolaria," ploidy increases from haploid (N) to approximately 1,000N, whereas intrapopulation variability of the enteric parasite Entamoeba ranges from 4N to 40N. Variation has also been found within our own species, with substantial differences in both gene content and chromosome lengths between individuals. Data on the dynamic nature of genomes shift the perception of the genome from being fixed and characteristic of a species (typological) to plastic due to variation within and between species.