PRL-3, An Emerging Marker of Carcinogenesis, Is Strongly Associated with Poor Prognosis
PRL-3, An Emerging Marker of Carcinogenesis, Is Strongly Associated with Poor Prognosis
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DOI：
10.2174/187152011794941145
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Pryczynicz, Anna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Guzinska-Ustymowicz, Katarzyna;Pryczynicz, Anna
PRL-3 蛋白属于蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶家族，具有独特的 COOH 末端异戊二烯化基序，决定了该蛋白的功能及其在细胞中的位置。大量研究表明，除了尚未充分研究的生理作用外，PRL-3 还参与致癌过程。具体来说，它参与细胞骨架的重建、调节癌细胞的粘附和细胞周期以及上皮间质转化。 PRL-3蛋白通过这些机制参与侵袭、迁移、转移和血管生成。大量研究表明，PRL-3 表达在结直肠癌、胃癌、卵巢癌和乳腺癌中尤其重要。最近，发表了几项关于其他类型癌症中 PRL-3 蛋白的研究。他们揭示了这种蛋白质在血管生成和转移过程中的重要作用。已证明 PRL-3 的较高表达与肿瘤进展及其严重程度相关。虽然PRL-3在不同类型的肿瘤中过度表达的程度有所不同，但大多数研究表明，在这些肿瘤的转移中，无论是转移到淋巴结还是转移到其他器官，表达水平都极高。 PRL-3蛋白的过度表达在转移瘤中被反复证实，但在原发性肿瘤中却没有。 PRL-3 似乎是诊断各种类型癌症的肿瘤进展阶段的充分标志物，特别是本研究中深入研究的结直肠癌。 PRL-3 过表达预示着各种癌症患者的不良预后，是癌症治疗中一个有前途的靶点。
PRL-3 protein belongs to the family of protein tyrosine phosphatases with unique COOH-terminal prenylation motif, which determines the functions of this protein and its location in the cell. Numerous research studies revealed that apart from performing the poorly investigated physiological role, PRL-3 takes part in the process of carcinogenesis. Specifically, it is involved in reconstructing of the cytoskeleton, regulating adhesion and cell cycle of the cancer cells, and in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Through these mechanisms PRL-3 protein participates in invasion, migration, metastasis and angiogenesis. Numerous studies indicate that PRL-3 expression is particularly important in colorectal, as well as in gastric, ovarian and breast carcinomas. Recently, several studies on PRL-3 protein in other types of cancer have been published. They reveal a significant role of this protein in the process of angiogenesis and metastasis. It has been proven that a higher expression of PRL-3 correlates with tumor progression and its severity. While the degree of overexpression of PRL-3 varies in different types of tumors, most research shows that in the metastases of these tumors, whether to the lymph nodes or to other organs, the level of expression is extremely high. Overexpression of PRL-3 protein was repeatedly confirmed in metastases, but not with primary tumors. PRL-3 seems to be an adequate marker in diagnosing the stage of tumor advancement for various types of carcinomas, especially for colorectal carcinoma investigated thoroughly in this study. PRL-3 overexpression predicts poor prognosis in patients with various carcinomas and is a promising target in the cancer treatment.