Neurotoxicity Induced by Mephedrone: An up-to-date Review.
Neurotoxicity Induced by Mephedrone: An up-to-date Review.
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甲氧麻黄酮引起的神经毒性：最新综述。
DOI：
10.2174/1570159x14666161130130718
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Marinelli E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pantano F;Tittarelli R;Mannocchi G;Pacifici R;di Luca A;Busardò FP;Marinelli E
甲基苯丙胺酮是一种β-酮苯丙胺，属于合成卡西酮家族，这是一类新兴的特制药物，以其致幻和精神兴奋剂特性以及滥用潜力而闻名。本次审查的目的是检查新出现的科学文献可能甲氧麻黄酮诱导的神经毒性，但由于有限的实验研究，主要是在动物模型上进行的，还没有很好地定义。从国际文献数据库（Medline、Scopus等）中识别相关科学文章。使用关键词：“甲羟孕酮”、“4-MMC”、“神经毒性”、“神经药理学”、“专利”、“单胺转运蛋白”和“神经化学效应”。在最初发现的498个来源中，只有36篇论文适合进行审查。甲氧麻黄酮对5-HT和DA系统的神经毒性作用仍存在争议。虽然一些动物模型的研究报告纹状体中的DA神经末梢没有损伤，脑单胺水平也没有显著变化，但其他一些研究表明5-HT和DA转运蛋白功能迅速降低。在温暖的环境中，在高环境温度下，在多巴胺能和多巴胺能神经末梢中观察到持续的多巴胺能缺陷。还报告了氧化应激细胞毒性和额叶皮质脂质过氧化作用的增加。还观察到体外细胞毒性特性，表明甲氧麻黄酮可作为还原剂，也可以确定线粒体呼吸的变化。然而，由于实验设计的差异，包括使用的温度和动物模型，结果很难比较。因此，有必要对4-甲基甲卡西酮的毒理学和药理学进行进一步研究，以确定药物滥用的适当治疗方法和最终对公众健康的影响。
Mephedrone is a β-ketoamphetamine belonging to the family of synthetic cathinones, an emerging class of designer drugs known for their hallucinogenic and psychostimulant properties as well as for their abuse potential. The aim of this review was to examine the emerging scientific literature on the possible mephedrone-induced neurotoxicity, yet not well defined due to the limited number of experimental studies, mainly carried on animal models. Relevant scientific articles were identified from international literature databases (Medline, Scopus, etc.) using the keywords: “Mephedrone”, “4-MMC,” “neurotoxicity,” “neuropharmacology”, “patents”, “monoamine transporters” and “neurochemical effects”. Of the 498 sources initially found, only 36 papers were suitable for the review. Neurotoxic effect of mephedrone on 5-HT and DA systems remains controversial. Although some studies in animal models reported no damage to DA nerve endings in the striatum and no significant changes in brain monoamine levels, some others suggested a rapid reduction in 5-HT and DA transporter function. Persistent serotonergic deficits were observed after binge like treatment in a warm environment and in both serotonergic and dopaminergic nerve endings at high ambient temperature. Oxidative stress cytotoxicity and an increase in frontal cortex lipid peroxidation were also reported. In vitro cytotoxic properties were also observed, suggesting that mephedrone may act as a reductant agent and can also determine changes in mitochondrial respiration. However, due to the differences in the design of the experiments, including temperature and animal model used, the results are difficult to compare. Further studies on toxicology and pharmacology of mephedrone are therefore necessary to establish an appropriate treatment for substance abuse and eventual consequences for public health.