Extracellular Vesicles in Renal Pathophysiology.
Extracellular Vesicles in Renal Pathophysiology.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmolb.2017.00037
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Camussi G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pomatto MAC;Gai C;Bussolati B;Camussi G
细胞外囊泡是几乎所有活细胞释放的异质微粒群，最近在不同的生物领域得到了广泛的研究。它们通常由两种主要类型（外泌体和微泡）组成，最近作为细胞信号传导的介质而受到越来越多的关注。事实上，这些囊泡可以通过携带和递送复杂的生物分子（包括蛋白质、脂质和核酸）来影响受体细胞，并防止环境中的酶促降解。它们的重要性已在多个器官的病理生理学中得到证明，特别是在肾脏中，不同的细胞类型分泌细胞外囊泡，介导它们与下游尿路细胞的通讯。过去几年，有证据表明囊泡参与肾脏发育和正常生理机能。此外，EV 被广泛证明与肾脏再生和病理过程中的细胞信号传导有关。尽管许多 EV 机制仍知之甚少，特别是在肾脏中，但其作用的发现可能有助于阐明迄今为止难以捉摸的肾脏生物学过程。最后，肾细胞分泌的细胞外囊泡聚集在尿液中，从而成为疾病或恢复标记物的重要资源，以及有前途的肾脏疾病非侵入性诊断工具。在本综述中，我们讨论了细胞外囊泡在肾脏病理生理学中的作用的最新发现及其在诊断和治疗中的潜在意义。
Extracellular vesicles are a heterogeneous population of microparticles released by virtually all living cells which have been recently widely investigated in different biological fields. They are typically composed of two primary types (exosomes and microvesicles) and are recently commanding increasing attention as mediators of cellular signaling. Indeed, these vesicles can affect recipient cells by carrying and delivering complex cargos of biomolecules (including proteins, lipids and nucleic acids), protected from enzymatic degradation in the environment. Their importance has been demonstrated in the pathophysiology of several organs, in particular in kidney, where different cell types secrete extracellular vesicles that mediate their communication with downstream urinary tract cells. Over the past few years, evidence has been shown that vesicles participate in kidney development and normal physiology. Moreover, EVs are widely demonstrated to be implicated in cellular signaling during renal regenerative and pathological processes. Although many EV mechanisms are still poorly understood, in particular in kidney, the discovery of their role could help to shed light on renal biological processes which are so far elusive. Lastly, extracellular vesicles secreted by renal cells gather in urine, thus becoming a great resource for disease or recovery markers and a promising non-invasive diagnostic instrument for renal disease. In the present review, we discuss the most recent findings on the role of extracellular vesicles in renal physiopathology and their potential implication in diagnosis and therapy.