Pharmaceutically active compounds in the Xiangjiang River, China: Distribution pattern, source apportionment, and risk assessment.
Pharmaceutically active compounds in the Xiangjiang River, China: Distribution pattern, source apportionment, and risk assessment.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.267
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发表时间：
2018-09
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Huiju Lin;Leilei Chen;Hai-pu Li;Zhoufei Luo;Jing Lu;Zhao-guang Yang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Huiju Lin;Leilei Chen;Hai-pu Li;Zhoufei Luo;Jing Lu;Zhao-guang Yang
对湘江地表水中的36种药用活性物质进行了两个季节(n= ，38)的调查。检测到25种化合物，其中头孢噻肟(最高浓度为830 ng L−1)含量最高，其次是阿莫西林(最高浓度为710 ng L−1)。结果表明，污染热点主要分布在长沙市等经济发达、人口密集的地区。夏季的浓度低于冬季，这可能是由于洪水事件的稀释效应和较高的水温所致。药物分布与温度和氨氮含量显著相关。主成分分析-多元线性回归模型估计，生活污水是药品的主要来源，尽管不同采样点的来源组成不同。风险评估使用单独和混合模型进行，以初步识别潜在的危险。磺胺甲恶唑、克拉霉素和阿奇霉素对藻类具有高度风险，而磺胺甲恶唑、甲氧苄啶和红霉素-H2O对无脊椎动物具有中等风险。采用浓度相加模型计算的混合风险商，冬季为0.31~9.60，夏季为0.06~0.61，对水环境具有潜在风险。这项研究为政策制定者确定污染物管理优先事项提供了科学支持，并丰富了关于新出现的污染物的全球数据。
The occurrence of 36 pharmaceutically active compounds in surface water of the Xiangjiang River was investigated in two seasons (n= 38). Twenty-five of these compounds were detected, with cefotaxime (maximum concentration 830 ng L−1) the most abundant compound followed by amoxicillin (maximum concentration 710 ng L−1). The spatiotemporal distribution was observed; indicating that pollution hotspots were mostly located in economically developed and densely populated regions such as Changsha City. Lower concentrations were found in summer than winter, which may be attributed to the dilution effect of a flood event and higher water temperatures. The distribution of pharmaceuticals was significantly correlated with temperature and ammonia nitrogen content. A principal component analysis-multiple linear regression model estimated that domestic sewage was the main source of pharmaceuticals, although the source composition varied among different sampling sites. Risk assessment was conducted using both individual and mixture models for preliminary identification of potential hazards. Sulfamethoxazole, clarithromycin, and azithromycin posed a high risk to algae, while sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and erythromycin-H2O showed a medium risk to invertebrates. Moreover, the mixture risk quotients calculated using a concentration addition model ranged from 0.31 to 9.60 in winter, and from 0.06 to 0.61 in summer, indicating a potential risk to the aquatic environment. This study provides scientific support to policy-makers to establish contaminant management priorities and enriches the global data on emerging contaminants.