Wall-following searching or area coverage searching? Simulation study of the panic evacuation considering the guidance of a single rescuer
Wall-following searching or area coverage searching? Simulation study of the panic evacuation considering the guidance of a single rescuer
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DOI：
10.1016/j.physa.2022.127638
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发表时间：
2022-06
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Guanning Wang;Tao Chen;Xiangming Hu;Huijie Zheng;Wenyu Jiang
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文献类型：
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作者：
Guanning Wang;Tao Chen;Xiangming Hu;Huijie Zheng;Wenyu Jiang
单个救援人员的引导策略在疏散管理中起着至关重要的作用，但尚未得到深入研究。因此，本文通过扩展的元胞自动机（CA）模型研究了单个救援人员引导下的恐慌疏散的一个因素。讨论了不同诱导策略下，整体恐慌因子、危险位置和环境熟悉度对行人疏散的影响。仿真结果分析表明，恐慌对行人的疏散过程有很大的影响，从而增加了行人对危险的敏感性。当行人的恐慌程度较高时，救援人员应采用沿墙搜索（WFS）策略，否则采用区域覆盖搜索（ACS）策略。此外，危险物在室内的撞击位置对行人的恐慌疏散过程有显著影响。当危险位置更接近出口时，在没有救援人员在场的情况下，疏散时间延长。ACS策略和WFS策略都有助于提高危险源所在区域的疏散效率，且WFS策略的效果更好。此外，行人的环境熟悉度对其疏散过程有较大的影响。环境熟悉度越好，行人流量越快。在疏散初期，ACS策略下的行人流量较高，而在疏散后期，WFS策略下的行人流量较高。对于整个疏散阶段，无论疏散人员是否熟悉房间，WFS策略总是比ACS策略更有用。该研究有助于理解引导策略在行人疏散中的重要性，并为疏散管理提供有效的疏散策略。
The guidance strategy for a single rescuer plays a vital role in evacuation management which has yet to be thoroughly studied. Hence, one factor of panic evacuation involving the guidance of a single rescuer is investigated by an extended cellular automaton (CA) model in this paper. The effects of the global panic factor, the hazard position and the environmental familiarity on pedestrians’ evacuation under different guidance strategies are discussed. The analysis of simulation results demonstrates that the panic makes a great impact on the pedestrians’ evacuation process and their sensitivity to hazards increases consequently. When pedestrians’ panic degree is relatively high, a wall-following searching (WFS) strategy should be adopted by a rescuer, otherwise an area coverage searching (ACS) strategy is a good choice. In addition, the position of the hazard hitting in the room significantly affects the pedestrians’ panic evacuation process. When the hazard position is closer to the exit, the evacuation time lengthens without a rescuer present. Both ACS strategy and WFS strategy are helpful to increase the evacuation efficiency wherever the hazard is located, and WFS strategy works better. Furthermore, the pedestrians’ environmental familiarity has a greater impact on their evacuation process. The better the environmental familiarity, the faster the pedestrian flow rate is. In the early stage of evacuation, the pedestrian flow rate is higher under the ACS strategy, while in the later period, the rate is higher under WFS strategy. For the entire stage of the evacuation, WFS strategy is always more useful than ACS strategy whether evacuees are familiar with the room or not. The study contributes to understanding the importance of the guidance strategy in pedestrians’ evacuation and to developing an efficient evacuation strategy for evacuation management.