Sensing the ocean biological carbon pump from space: A review of capabilities, concepts, research gaps and future developments
Sensing the ocean biological carbon pump from space: A review of capabilities, concepts, research gaps and future developments
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103604
复制
发表时间：
2021-03
影响因子：
12.1
通讯作者：
R. Brewin;S. Sathyendranath;T. Platt;H. Bouman;S. Ciavatta;G. Dall’Olmo;James Dingle;S. Groom;B. Jönsson;T. Kostadinov;G. Kulk;M. Laine;V. Martínez-Vicente;S. Psarra;D. Raitsos;K. Richardson;M. Rio;C. Rousseaux;J. Salisbury;J. Shutler;P. Walker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Brewin;S. Sathyendranath;T. Platt;H. Bouman;S. Ciavatta;G. Dall’Olmo;James Dingle;S. Groom;B. Jönsson;T. Kostadinov;G. Kulk;M. Laine;V. Martínez-Vicente;S. Psarra;D. Raitsos;K. Richardson;M. Rio;C. Rousseaux;J. Salisbury;J. Shutler;P. Walker
碳元素在地球气候和生命中发挥着核心作用。它能够在地圈、冰冻圈、大气圈、生物圈和水圈之间移动。这种碳的流动被称为地球的碳循环。它还与其他元素和化合物的循环密切相关。海洋在地球碳循环中发挥着重要作用，有助于调节大气二氧化碳浓度。海洋生物碳泵（OBCP）被定义为将有机碳从表层转移到深海的一系列过程，是海洋碳循环的核心。监测 OBCP 对于了解地球碳循环如何变化至关重要。目前，卫星遥感是在高时空尺度上观察整个海洋表层的唯一工具。在本文中，我们回顾了以卫星为重点的 OBCP 监测方法。我们首先概述 OBCP，定义和描述海洋中的碳库，以及控制碳库之间、从表层到深海以及海洋、陆地和大气之间碳通量的过程。然后，我们研究船舶和自主平台的现场测量如何补充卫星观测，为卫星产品提供验证点，并比仅通过卫星观测获得更完整的 OBCP 视图。然后对用于从卫星平台监测 OBCP 的方法进行了全面分析，涵盖了当前的能力、概念和差距，以及卫星产品的不确定性要求。最后，我们讨论了基于卫星的海洋碳预算的潜力、将卫星观测与生态系统模型和实地测量相结合的优势，以及未来在太空中的机遇，所有这些都是为了将卫星观测带入海洋碳研究的聚光灯下。
The element carbon plays a central role in climate and life on Earth. It is capable of moving among the geosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere, biosphere and hydrosphere. This flow of carbon is referred to as the Earth's carbon cycle. It is also intimately linked to the cycling of other elements and compounds. The ocean plays a fundamental role in Earth's carbon cycle, helping to regulate atmospheric CO2concentration. The ocean biological carbon pump (OBCP), defined as a set of processes that transfer organic carbon from the surface to the deep ocean, is at the heart of the ocean carbon cycle. Monitoring the OBCP is critical to understanding how the Earth's carbon cycle is changing. At present, satellite remote sensing is the only tool available for viewing the entire surface ocean at high temporal and spatial scales. In this paper, we review methods for monitoring the OBCP with a focus on satellites. We begin by providing an overview of the OBCP, defining and describing the pools of carbon in the ocean, and the processes controlling fluxes of carbon between the pools, from the surface to the deep ocean, and among ocean, land and atmosphere. We then examine how field measurements, from ship and autonomous platforms, complement satellite observations, provide validation points for satellite products and lead to a more complete view of the OBCP than would be possible from satellite observations alone. A thorough analysis is then provided on methods used for monitoring the OBCP from satellite platforms, covering current capabilities, concepts and gaps, and the requirement for uncertainties in satellite products. We finish by discussing the potential for producing a satellite-based carbon budget for the oceans, the advantages of integrating satellite-based observations with ecosystem models and field measurements, and future opportunities in space, all with a view towards bringing satellite observations into the limelight of ocean carbon research.