Longitudinal Associations Between Early-Mid Adolescent Risk and Protective Factors and Young Adult Homelessness in Australia and the United States
Longitudinal Associations Between Early-Mid Adolescent Risk and Protective Factors and Young Adult Homelessness in Australia and the United States
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DOI：
10.1007/s11121-020-01092-9
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发表时间：
2020-05-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Catalano, Richard F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Heerde, Jessica A.;Bailey, Jennifer A.;Catalano, Richard F.
无家可归与一系列负面的健康和行为结果有关，但从青春期到成年早期，无家可归的生命历程并没有充分的记录。本研究询问青少年早期中期的风险和保护因素在多大程度上预测年轻人无家可归，以及这些因素的预测性质在澳大利亚维多利亚州和美国华盛顿州是否相似。作为国际青年发展研究的一部分，青少年被招募为7年级（13岁，2002年）的国家代表性中学样本，并在平均年龄25岁时进行纵向比较。华盛顿州去年的无家可归率（5.24%）高于维多利亚州的年轻人（3.25%）。尽管在青少年人口统计、个人、家庭、同伴群体、学校和社区的预测指标水平上发现了一些跨州差异，但跨州比较表明，这些因素对两个州的年轻人无家可归具有同样的预测作用。在单变量分析中，大多数青少年危险因素和保护性因素是显著的预测因子。与年轻人无家可归相关的独特的多变量青少年预测因素包括休学（调整优势比[AOR] = 2.76）和学业失败（AOR = 1.94）。没有发现显著的独特保护作用。支持青少年学业参与的预防和干预工作可能有助于解决青年无家可归问题。类似的跨州青少年预测者的概况表明，寻求支持学术参与的项目可能会影响两个州青少年无家可归的风险。生命历程与无家可归者的相似之处表明，美国和澳大利亚可以有效地将预防和干预工作转化为减少无家可归者，同时继续确定可修改的预测因素。
Homelessness is associated with a range of negative health and behavioral outcomes, yet life-course pathways to homelessness from adolescence to early adulthood are not well-documented. This study asks to what extent do early-mid adolescent risk and protective factors predict young adult homelessness, and whether the predictive nature of these factors is similar in Victoria, Australia, and Washington State in the USA. As part of the International Youth Development Study, adolescents were recruited as state representative secondary school samples at grade 7 (age 13, 2002) and longitudinally compared at average age 25. Higher rates of past year homelessness were reported by Washington State (5.24%), compared to Victorian young adults (3.25%). Although some cross-state differences in levels of adolescent demographic, individual, family, peer group, school, and community predictors were found, cross-state comparisons showed these factors were equally predictive of young adult homelessness in both states. In univariate analyses, most adolescent risk and protective factors were significant predictors. Unique multivariate adolescent predictors associated with young adult homelessness included school suspension (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.76) and academic failure (AOR = 1.94). No significant unique protective effects were found. Prevention and intervention efforts that support adolescents' academic engagement may help in addressing young adult homelessness. The similar cross-state profile of adolescent predictors suggests that programs seeking to support academic engagement may influence risk for homelessness into young adulthood in both states. The similarity in life-course pathways to homelessness suggests that the USA and Australia can profitably translate prevention and intervention efforts to reduce homelessness while continuing to identify modifiable predictors.