Skin wound healing in different aged Xenopus laevis
Skin wound healing in different aged Xenopus laevis
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DOI：
10.1002/jmor.20155
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发表时间：
2013-08-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Franchini, Antonella
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bertolotti, Evelina;Malagoli, Davide;Franchini, Antonella
非洲爪蟾的小青蛙可以完美地愈合皮肤伤口而不会留下疤痕。为了探索这种能力是否在发育过程中保持，我们研究了8个月和15个月大的爪蟾在皮肤损伤修复过程中的细胞反应。愈合阶段（即炎症、新组织形成和重塑）的形态和顺序与年龄无关，而年龄较大的青蛙则延迟了时间。在伤后初期，伤口再上皮化以薄上皮的形式发生，随后是多层表皮，表皮中含有凋亡模式的细胞，角质形成细胞被抗诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）抗体染色。炎症反应早期通过募集对抗肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-、iNOS、转化生长因子(TGF)-1和基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-9具有免疫反应的血细胞而被激活，并持续时间。真皮被肉芽组织修复，肉芽组织中有广泛的血管生成、炎症细胞、成纤维细胞和抗SMA阳性肌成纤维细胞。随着愈合的进展，损伤区域出现血管退化、细胞减少和临时基质重排。表皮恢复到缠绕前形态，肉芽组织被瘢痕样纤维组织所取代。定量PCR分析显示，爪蟾细胞因子信号传导抑制因子3 （XSOCS-3）和爪蟾转化生长因子2 （XTGF-2）在受伤后很快上调表达，并在肉芽组织发育良好、炎症细胞大量出现时达到峰值。研究结果表明，紫斑小蠊皮肤伤口愈合是通过表皮再生和真皮修复的结合进行的，与小青蛙无疤痕伤口愈合相比，生长到更成熟的成年阶段与瘢痕样组织形成的再生能力下降有关。中国生物医学工程学报，2013,34(4):956-964。(c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.；
Xenopus froglets can perfectly heal skin wounds without scarring. To explore whether this capacity is maintained as development proceeds, we examined the cellular responses during the repair of skin injury in 8- and 15-month-old Xenopuslaevis. The morphology and sequence of healing phases (i.e., inflammation, new tissue formation, and remodeling) were independent of age, while the timing was delayed in older frogs. At the beginning of postinjury, wound re-epithelialization occurred in form of a thin epithelium followed by a multilayered epidermis containing cells with apoptotic patterns and keratinocytes stained by anti-inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) antibody. The inflammatory response, early activated by recruitment of blood cells immunoreactive to anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-, iNOS, transforming growth factor (TGF)-1, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, persisted over time. The dermis repaired by a granulation tissue with extensive angiogenesis, inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, and anti--SMA positive myofibroblasts. As the healing progressed, wounded areas displayed vascular regression, decrease in cellularity, and rearrangement of provisional matrix. The epidermis restored to a prewound morphology while granulation tissue was replaced by a fibrous tissue in a scar-like pattern. The quantitative PCR analysis demonstrated an up-regulated expression of Xenopus suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (XSOCS-3) and Xenopus transforming growth factor-2 (XTGF-2) soon after wounding and peak levels were detected when granulation tissue was well developed with a large number of inflammatory cells. The findings indicate that X. laevis skin wound healing occurred by a combination of regeneration (in epidermis) and repair (in dermis) and, in contrast to froglet scarless wound healing, the growth to a more mature adult stage is associated with a decrease in regenerative capacity with scar-like tissue formation. J. Morphol. 274:956-964, 2013. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.