Observations of early triadic family interactions: Boundary disturbances in the family predict symptoms of depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in middle childhood
Observations of early triadic family interactions: Boundary disturbances in the family predict symptoms of depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in middle childhood
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DOI：
10.1017/s0954579404004675
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发表时间：
2004-06-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Hitchens, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jacobvitz, D;Hazen, N;Hitchens, K
本文认为，明确关注家庭边界障碍的构建，以了解童年中期抑郁、焦虑和注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）症状的发展的重要性。本研究以家庭系统理论为基础，探讨传统亲子关系对儿童期忧郁与焦虑的影响（敌对，控制，和脱离互动）在整个家庭的背景下，以及陷入模式，其中一个父母提请在孩子转向孩子的拥抱或亲密，并排除配偶，和平衡的模式，所有家庭成员都表达了自己的脆弱性，并提出了自己的需求或愿望。大多数是白色，中产阶级的母亲，父亲和孩子在家中进行一系列日常任务的互动，当孩子24个月大的时候，母亲和老师对孩子的焦虑，抑郁，身体问题和ADHD的症状进行了评估。回归分析显示，在控制了母亲抑郁症和其他家庭模式的影响后，沉浸式家庭模式预测了儿童的抑郁症状;控制和脱离互动预测了焦虑和抑郁症状;敌意预测了多动症和躯体投诉。有趣的性别差异出现了。正如预测的那样，经历过家庭模式的男孩更容易出现ADHD症状，而经历过家庭互动的女孩后来表现出抑郁症状。
This article argues for the importance of focusing explicitly on the construct of boundary disturbances in families to understand the development of depressive, anxious, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in middle childhood. Grounded in family systems theory, this study examined traditional parent-child antecedents of childhood depression and anxiety (hostile, controlling, and disengaged interactions) in the context of the entire family as well as enmeshed patterns, whereby one parent drew in the child by turning to the child for caregiving or intimacy and excluded the spouse, and balanced patterns, whereby all family members expressed vulnerabilities and asserted their needs or desires. Mostly White, middle-class mothers, fathers, and children were observed at home interacting on a series of everyday tasks when the children were 24 months old, and mothers and teachers rated children's symptoms of anxiety, depression, somatic problems, and ADHD at age 7. Regression analyses revealed that, after controlling for maternal depression and the effects of other family patterns, enmeshed family patterns forecast children's depressive symptoms; controlling and disengaged interactions predicted anxious and depressive symptoms; and hostility forecast ADHD and somatic complaints. Intriguing gender differences emerged. As predicted, whereas boys who experienced enmeshed family patterns more often developed symptoms of ADHD, girls who experienced enmeshed family interactions later showed symptoms of depression.