Information processes, stimulation and perceptual training in fencing
Information processes, stimulation and perceptual training in fencing
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DOI：
10.2478/v10078-008-0005-y
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发表时间：
2008-06-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Waskiewicz, Zbigniew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Borysiuk, Zbigniew;Waskiewicz, Zbigniew
在击剑和其他具有开放运动习惯的运动中学习和发展运动技能和技巧是基于涉及视觉、触觉和听觉的感知过程。在击剑比赛中，同样的刺激可以产生防守或进攻动作，这与战术和战术严格相关。不同类型的刺激决定了击剑的反应时间、运动时间和肌肉生物电张力(EMG)。在训练过程中，应考虑控制优势刺激的重要性。对高级击剑运动员和新手击剑运动员的研究结果表明，对触觉刺激的反应时间与声音刺激和视觉刺激的反应时间相似或略短。高级击剑运动员在所研究的所有参数上都比新手击剑运动员快。在所有三种类型的刺激中，高级击剑运动员的肌电信号都明显较低。这表明，优秀击剑运动员的心理运动优势会降低执行运动任务所涉及的肌肉的生物电张力。知觉技能使运动员能够对体育比赛中的重要信号做出反应，而忽略那些降低运动格斗有效性的扰乱信号。运动比赛中的时间压力使得在运动阶段尽可能减少决策时间和感觉运动反应时间。结果表明，有经验的运动员比他们的新手同事做出决定的速度要快得多。它符合知觉训练的主要策略(即以最低的费用获得最大的效益)。决策的速度与刺激检测的有效性和后天获得的运动模式的再创造密切相关。
Learning and development of motor skills and techniques in fencing and other sports with open motor habits are based on perceptual processes involving the senses of vision, touch, and hearing. In fencing, the same stimuli can yield defensive or offensive actions, which are strictly related to the tactics and strategy. Different types of stimulation determine reaction time, movement time, and muscle bioelectric tension (EMG) in fencing. From the training process, controlling the significance of dominant stimuli should be taken into account. The results of presented studies of advanced and novice fencers show that the time of reaction to tactile stimulation is similar or slightly shorter than to acoustic stimuli followed by visual stimuli. The advanced fencers were faster than the novice fencers in all the studied parameters. The EMG signal was significantly lower in case of advanced fencers in all three types of stimulation. This indicates that the psycho-motor superiority of elite fencers results in a reduction of the bioelectrical tension of muscles involved in performing the motor tasks. Perceptual skills enable athletes to respond to important signals in sport competition and ignore disrupting ones which lower the effectiveness of sports combat. Time pressure during sports competition makes it necessary to reduce as much as possible the decision-making time and the time of sensorimotor responses in the motor phase. The results show that experienced athletes make decisions much faster than their novice colleagues. It conforms to the main strategy of perceptual training, (i.e., gaining maximum benefits at the lowest expense). Speed of decision-making is strictly associated with the stimuli detection effectiveness and re-creation of acquired motor patterns.