Impact of Server Thermal Design on the Cooling Efficiency: Chassis Design
Impact of Server Thermal Design on the Cooling Efficiency: Chassis Design
复制标题
服务器散热设计对散热效率的影响：机箱设计
DOI：
10.1115/1.4042983
复制
发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Sammakia, Bahgat
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Khalili, Sadegh;Alissa, Husam;Nemati, Kourosh;Seymour, Mark;Curtis, Robert;Moss, David;Sammakia, Bahgat
存在用于在数据中心中隔离热空气和冷空气的各种设计，诸如冷通道密封（CAC）、热通道密封（HAC）和烟囱排气机架。这些安全壳系统具有不同的特性，并对信息技术设备（ITE）施加各种条件。HAC系统中的一个常见问题是HAC内部的压力积聚（称为背压）。在气流不平衡的情况下，CAC系统中也可能存在背压。热空气再循环、服务器中有限的冷却气流速率以及通过风扇系统较弱的ITE的反向气流（例如，网络交换机）是背压的一些已知后果。目前，有一个缺乏实验数据的相互依赖关系的ITE的整体性能和其内部设计时，反压力施加在ITE。在本文中，三个商业2机架单元（RU）服务器具有不同的内部设计，从不同的世代和性能水平进行了测试，并在各种环境条件下进行了分析。烟测试和热成像的实施，以研究被测设备内的气流模式。此外，通过机箱穿孔进入服务器的热空气泄漏对风扇速度和服务器的功耗的影响进行了研究。此外，由智能平台管理接口（IPMI）和外部传感器测量的入口温度之间的差异的原因进行了调查。发现风扇的布置、风扇上游和下游的空间隔离、泄漏路径、基板管理控制器（BMC）传感器的位置以及背压的存在可以对ITE功率和冷却效率产生显著影响。
There are various designs for segregating hot and cold air in data centers such as cold aisle containment (CAC), hot aisle containment (HAC), and chimney exhaust rack. These containment systems have different characteristics and impose various conditions on the information technology equipment (ITE). One common issue in HAC systems is a pressure build-up inside the HAC (known as backpressure). Backpressure also can be present in CAC systems in case of airflow imbalances. Hot air recirculation, limited cooling airflow rate in servers, and reversed flow through ITE with weaker fan systems (e.g., network switches) are some known consequences of backpressure. Currently, there is a lack of experimental data on the interdependency between overall performance of ITE and its internal design when backpressure is imposed on ITE. In this paper, three commercial 2-rack unit (RU) servers with different internal designs from various generations and performance levels are tested and analyzed under various environmental conditions. Smoke tests and thermal imaging are implemented to study the airflow patterns inside the tested equipment. In addition, the impact of hot air leakage into the servers through chassis perforations on the fan speed and the power consumption of the servers are studied. Furthermore, the cause of the discrepancy between measured inlet temperatures by the intelligent platform management interface (IPMI) and external sensors is investigated. It is found that arrangement of fans, segregation of space upstream and downstream of fans, leakage paths, the location of baseboard management controller (BMC) sensors, and the presence of backpressure can have a significant impact on ITE power and cooling efficiency.
DOI：
10.1109/itherm.2018.8419555
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
2018 17th IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm
影响因子：
--
作者：
Khalili, Sadegh;Alissa, Husam;Desu, Anuroop;Sammakia, Bahgat;Ghose, Kanad
通讯作者：
Ghose, Kanad
DOI：
10.1109/semi-therm.2017.7896916
发表时间：
2017
期刊：
2017 33rd Thermal Measurement, Modeling & Management Symposium (SEMI-THERM)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Mohammad I. Tradat;H. Alissa;K. Nemati;Sadegh Khalili;B. Sammakia;M. Seymour;Russell Tipton
通讯作者：
Mohammad I. Tradat;H. Alissa;K. Nemati;Sadegh Khalili;B. Sammakia;M. Seymour;Russell Tipton
经过实验验证的全封闭混合冷却服务器机柜数值模型
影响因子：
1.6
作者：
K. Nemati;H. Alissa;B. Murray;B. Sammakia;M. Seymour
通讯作者：
M. Seymour