Survival and anti-parasite defense in a host metapopulation under heavy brood parasitism: a source–sink dynamic model
Survival and anti-parasite defense in a host metapopulation under heavy brood parasitism: a source–sink dynamic model
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DOI：
10.1007/s10164-003-0114-y
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发表时间：
2004-03
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
L. Barabás;Bálint Gilicze;F. Takasu;C. Moskát
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Barabás;Bálint Gilicze;F. Takasu;C. Moskát
在欧亚大陆广泛分布的专性幼虫Cuculus canorus，有时寄生率很高(20%以上)，通常只存在很短的一段时间，并在新寄生的情况下存在。来自匈牙利的最新结果证明，相当高的寄生率(50%-66%)也可以持续保持几十年。在这种矛盾的情况下，受到强烈剥削的寄主种群的繁殖成功率低于自我繁殖所需的水平。我们为一个假想的寄主-幼虫系统开发了一个模型，该模型证明了来自高度繁殖(‘源’)宿主种群的幼稚个体的迁入可能解释了高度寄生(‘汇’)种群的生存。我们的结果还表明，在较长的一段时间内，寄主对幼虫的反适应仍有可能保持较高的寄生率。基因流动是维持受体基因和非模仿杜鹃卵在重度寄生中所必需的。当迁移率较低(1-2%)时，拟杜鹃的早期扩张伴随着抗寄生虫防御的蔓延，因此，寄生率稳定在较低但仍相对较高的水平，约为45%-60%。
The obligate brood parasite common cuckooCuculus canorus, widespread in Eurasia, occasionally reaches a high parasitism rate (over 20%), which usually exists only for a short period of time and in cases of new parasitism. Recent results from Hungary proved that a remarkably high parasitism rate (50–66%) can also be maintained constantly for several decades. In this paradoxical situation the reproductive success of the strongly exploited host population is lower than would be necessary for self-reproduction. We developed a model for a hypothetical host–brood parasite system that demonstrated that immigration of naive individuals from a highly reproductive (‘source’) host population might explain the survival of the highly parasitized (‘sink’) population. Our results also showed the possibility of maintaining the high parasitism rate and the imperfection of the host’s counter-adaptation against the brood parasite over a longer period. Gene flow was necessary to maintain both the acceptor genes and the non-mimetic cuckoo eggs in heavy parasitism. When the immigration rate was low (1–2%), an early expansion of the mimetic cuckoos was followed by a spread of anti-parasite defense, and consequently, the parasitism rate stabilized at a lower, but still relatively high level of about 45–60%.