Indigenous Peoples as Actors in International Law-Making: Focusing on International Environmental Law
Indigenous Peoples as Actors in International Law-Making: Focusing on International Environmental Law
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土著人民作为国际法制定的参与者：关注国际环境法
DOI：
10.1163/9789004424159_006
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Yuko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
OSAKADA;Yuko
土著人民认为自己是国际法的受害者。1 .在他们的历史上，许多土著人民被剥夺了他们传统的土地，并被强行同化为多数人口。正是传统的国际法提供了使土著人民处于这种地位的理论工具。传统的国际法依据“发现学说”和“无主地”的概念为殖民者统治土著人民的土地辩护。然而，土著人民在20世纪70年代中期开始在国际上团结起来，要求赔偿过去的不公正，并寻求承认他们的权利。他们的声音传到了联合国，并抓住机会参与了《联合国土著人民权利宣言》的起草。2 .在这样做的过程中，土著人民从国际法的受害者变成了国际法的行动者。然而，正如莉莲·阿庞特·米兰达所指出的那样，土著人民参与国际立法的影响是有限的。4 .但是，以前的研究没有充分审查：(i)土著人民的影响如何受到限制；（ii）为什么它们的影响有限；（三）尽管有这些限制，土著人民参与国际立法具有什么意义。因此，本章将讨论这些问题。
Indigenous Peoples regard themselves as victims of international law. 1 During their history, many Indigenous Peoples were deprived of their traditional lands and forcefully assimilated into majority populations. It was traditional international law, which provided the theoretical tools that put Indigenous Peoples into this position. Traditional international law justified colonizers ruling the lands of Indigenous Peoples by relying on the ‘doctrine of discovery’and the concept of ‘terra nullius’. Indigenous Peoples, however, began to stand up internationally in solidarity in the mid-1970s, claiming reparation for past injustices and seeking recognition of their rights. Their voices reached the United Nations (UN), and they seized the opportunity to participate in the drafting of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (undrip). 2 In doing so, as Jérémie Gilbert rightly expressed, Indigenous Peoples went from victims of international law to actors in international law. 3 Nevertheless, as Lillian Aponte Miranda has pointed out, the impact of Indigenous Peoples’ participation in international law-making has been limited. 4 Previous studies however, have not sufficiently examined:(i) how the impact of Indigenous Peoples has been limited;(ii) why their impact has been limited; and (iii) in spite of these limitations, what significance Indigenous Peoples’ participation in international law-making has had. This Chapter, therefore, will address these issues.