Metal stocks and sustainability
Metal stocks and sustainability
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0509498103
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发表时间：
2006-01-31
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Graedel, TE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gordon, RB;Bertram, M;Graedel, TE
金属在岩石圈矿石中的相对比例、在提供服务的产品中的使用以及在废弃矿藏中的使用，衡量了我们从独家使用原始矿石到完全依赖可再生金属的持续使用的进展。目前在美国，这三个仓库的铜含量大致相当，但在役金属继续增加。为全世界的铜(以及锌，也许还有铂)提供当今发达国家水平的服务，似乎需要将岩石圈中的几乎所有矿石转换为库存，并从那时起几乎完全回收金属。
The relative proportions of metal residing in ore in the lithosphere, in use in products providing services, and in waste deposits measure our progress from exclusive use of virgin ore toward full dependence on sustained use of recycled metal. In the U.S. at present, the copper contents of these three repositories are roughly equivalent, but metal in service continues to increase. Providing today's developed-country level of services for copper worldwide (as well as for zinc and, perhaps, platinum) would appear to require conversion of essentially all of the ore in the lithosphere to stock-in-use plus near-complete recycling of the metals from that point forward.