Ebb and Flow in Parent-Child Interactions: Shifts from Early through Middle Childhood.
Ebb and Flow in Parent-Child Interactions: Shifts from Early through Middle Childhood.
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DOI：
10.1080/15295192.2015.1065120
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Iida M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bradley RH;Pennar A;Iida M
这项研究记录了父母和父亲在典型接触中关键的父母和孩子行为之间的关系强度，并确定在儿童早期和中期父母和孩子行为之间的关系强度是否发生了变化。对817个家庭在54个月至5年级的4个时间点的典型亲子活动中出现的3种父母行为(尊重自主、促进发展、敌意)与2种子女行为(代理、消极)之间的关系进行了多因素多水平模型分析。对于母亲和父亲来说，尊重自主性和激励性与儿童代理能力有关。父亲的敌意与孩子的代理能力呈负相关，但对于母亲来说，这种关系随着年龄的增长而变得更加积极。父母对自主性的尊重和敌意与儿童对父亲和母亲的消极态度有关；然而，对于母亲来说，自主支持和儿童消极之间的关系变得更加积极，敌意和儿童消极之间的关系变得不那么积极。从儿童早期到儿童中期，一些养育行为和儿童行为之间的关系强度有明显的变化，表明随着儿童变得更加独立，父母的辩证法也不同，辩证法也发生了变化。育儿行为与孩子的能力和适应行为有关，这一发现可能有助于解决父母行为与孩子发展轨迹之间的关系的一些不确定性。
This study documents the strength of relations between key parent and child behaviors as they occur during typical encounters for both mothers and fathers and determines whether there were shifts in the strength of relations between parent and child behaviors during early and middle childhood. Multivariate multi-level modeling was used to examine associations between three parent behaviors (respect for autonomy, stimulation of development, hostility) and two child behaviors (agency, negativity) as they occurred in typical parent-child activities at four time points from 54 months through 5th grade for 817 families. For mothers and fathers, respect for autonomy and stimulation were associated with child agency. Paternal hostility was negatively associated with child agency, but for mothers the relation became more positive with age. Parental respect for autonomy and hostility were associated with child negativity for both mothers and fathers; however, for mothers, relations between autonomy support and child negativity became more positive, and relations between hostility and child negativity became less positive. There are clear shifts in the strength of relations between some parenting behaviors and child behaviors from early to middle childhood, indicative of a changing dialectic as children become more independent and different dialectics for mothers and fathers. Parenting behavior links to child competence and adaptive behavior, and the findings may help resolve some uncertainties about relations between parental behavior and children's developmental trajectories.