The interrelationship of research in the laboratory and the field to assess hydration status and determine mechanisms involved in water regulation during physical activity.
The interrelationship of research in the laboratory and the field to assess hydration status and determine mechanisms involved in water regulation during physical activity.
复制标题
实验室和现场研究的相互关系，用于评估水合状态并确定身体活动期间水分调节的机制。
DOI：
10.1007/s40279-014-0155-0
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Stachenfeld,NinaS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Stachenfeld,NinaS
皮肤血液和出汗的变化是人类热量散失的主要机制。炎热、潮湿的环境伴随脱水，限制了增加皮肤血流量的能力，而皮肤血流量的目的是将热量从身体核心传递到皮肤表面，并蒸发汗水，以将核心温度维持在运动期间的安全范围内。充足的水分通过维持血容量来支持皮肤血流和出汗，从而改善体温调节。人类依靠液体摄入来维持体内总水分和血容量，并开发出复杂的机制来感知体内液体量和成分的变化。本文探讨了实验室和现场研究的相互关系，以评估运动期间体内水分和温度调节所涉及的水合状态。在研究实验室的受控环境中，研究人员能够研究血浆中液体的体积和张力对运动和恢复期间体内水分和温度调节的影响。例如，实验室研究表明，补液饮料中的张力可以维持口渴机制（并刺激饮水），并有助于持续刺激肾液潴留激素，最终导致更完全的补液。该领域的研究无法精确控制环境，但这些研究提供了一个自然的、“现实生活”的环境来研究运动过程中的体液和温度调节。现场遇到的条件最接近比赛时的环境，现场收集的数据可以对运动时的表现和安全产生直接影响。这两种收集数据的方法之间存在重要的协同作用，可以支持运动员的表现并保护运动员在训练期间免受伤害并提高比赛期间的表现。
Changes in skin blood and sweating are the primary mechanisms for heat loss in humans. A hot, humid environment concomitant with dehydration limits the ability to increase skin blood flow for the purpose of transferring heat from the body core to skin surface and evaporate sweat to maintain core temperature within safe limits during exercise. Adequate hydration improves thermoregulation by maintaining blood volume to support skin blood flow and sweating. Humans rely on fluid intake to maintain total body water and blood volume, and have developed complex mechanisms to sense changes in the amount and composition of fluid in the body. This paper addresses the interrelationship of research in the laboratory and the field to assess hydration status involved in body water and temperature regulation during exercise. In the controlled setting of a research laboratory, investigators are able to investigate the contributions of volume and tonicity of fluid in the plasma to body water and temperature regulation during exercise and recovery. For example, laboratory studies have shown that tonicity in a rehydration beverage maintains the thirst mechanism (and stimulates drinking), and contributes to the ongoing stimulation of renal fluid retention hormones, ultimately leading to a more complete rehydration. Research in the field cannot control the environment precisely, but these studies provide a natural, ‘real-life’ setting to study fluid and temperature regulation during exercise. The conditions encountered in the field are closest to the environment during competition, and data collected in the field can have an immediate impact on performance and safety during exercise. There is an important synergy between these two methods of collecting data that support performance and protect athletes from harm during training and improve performance during competition.