Homo Economicus in a Big Society: Understanding Middle-class Activism and NIMBYism towards New Housing Developments
Homo Economicus in a Big Society: Understanding Middle-class Activism and NIMBYism towards New Housing Developments
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大社会中的经济人：理解中产阶级的激进主义和邻避主义对新住房开发的影响
DOI：
10.1080/14036096.2014.947173
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Matthews P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Matthews P
英国的住房供应和负担能力问题早已被政策制定者所认识。供应的一个关键障碍被认为是所谓的“不在我的后院活动家”（NIMBYs）的社区活动。地方主义政策议程，或将决策权下放到地方一级，是英国联合政府寻求克服这种反对意见的核心。这种观点认为邻避主义是经济人的一种表现--经济人追求效用最大化的理性表现。在这种观点下，居民不会接受郊区的大规模城市扩展，因为他们承担了本地化的成本，没有明显的好处，除非得到适当的激励。在本文中，我们使用英国社会态度调查数据的分析，以及第一次审查的结果中产阶级的激进主义在公共服务，以确定居民的可能性被激励这个版本的地方主义接受新的住房。我们的结论是，个人和集体态度的证据表明，这是不可能的地方主义将提供新的住房。重要的是，富裕和专业群体的政治力量意味着他们可以确保他们的反对意见得到倾听，特别是在通过地方主义提供的邻里计划中。本文认为，规划住房需要了解社区阿肖莫民主-积极参与谈判之间的复杂利益，以支持新的住房。
Problems of housing supply and affordability in England have long been recognized by policy-makers. A key barrier to supply is seen to be community activism by so-called not-in-my-back-yard activists (NIMBYs). The localism policy agenda, or devolving decision-making down to the local level, is central to how the UK coalition government seek to overcome this opposition. This conceives NIMBYism as a demonstration ofhomo economicus– of the rationality of economic beings seeking to maximize their utility. In this view, residents would not accept large urban extensions in suburban areas because they took on localized costs with no obvious benefits, unless incentivised appropriately. In this paper, we use analysis of British Social Attitudes Survey data as well as the results of the first review of middle-class activism in relation to public services to identify the likelihood of residents being incentivized by this version of localism to accept new housing. We conclude that the evidence on the individual and collective attitudes suggests that it is unlikely that localism will deliver new housing. Importantly, the political power of affluent and professional groups means they can ensure that their opposition is heard, particularly in the neighbourhood plans delivered through localism. The paper argues that planning for housing needs to understand communities ashomo democraticus– as actively engaged in negotiating between complex interests with respect to support for new housing.
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