AGGREGATION IN MALE PARASITIC WASPS OF THE GENUS MEGARHYSSA': I. SEXUAL DISCRIMINATION, TERGAL STROKING BEHAVIOR, AND DESCRIPTION OF ASSOCIATED ANAL STRUCTURES BEHAVIOR
AGGREGATION IN MALE PARASITIC WASPS OF THE GENUS MEGARHYSSA': I. SEXUAL DISCRIMINATION, TERGAL STROKING BEHAVIOR, AND DESCRIPTION OF ASSOCIATED ANAL STRUCTURES BEHAVIOR
复制标题
MEGARHYSSA 属雄性寄生蜂的聚集：I. 性别歧视、tergal 抚摸行为以及相关肛门结构行为的描述
DOI：
10.2307/3494037
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发表时间：
1979
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
O. Crankshaw
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Matthews;J. Matthews;O. Crankshaw
寄生蜂是一个物种丰富的群体，对它们的交配和求偶有一些偶然和零碎的观察，但很少有详细的研究发表（马修斯1975）。其中一个独特的现象是由Megarabysa的交配前行为提供的，Megarabysa是一种大型长尾小蜂，寄生在死树上的Tremex horntail幼虫。雄性在树皮上形成明显的混合物种聚集体，新的成虫正从树皮上活跃地出现（图1）。它们都面朝内，围绕着一个直径约50毫米的圆形区域，它们互相推挤，争夺位置，但彼此之间几乎没有明显的攻击性。当一只雌性黄蜂终于咬穿树皮时，一只同种的雄性黄蜂会很快与她交配，其他的雄性黄蜂至少会暂时分散开。以前对巨腹蛛行为最详细的研究是Heatwole et al.（1963，1964）和Heatwole and Davis（1965）的研究，其中大多数参考了早期的观察结果。一些工作人员注意到，等待的雄性经常用它们的触角尖探测树皮裂缝，包括穿透部分被咬掉的羽化孔。Nuttall（1973）和其他人认为这可能导致雌性在其隧道内受精。然而，这种想法通常被忽视，因为与男性相比，女性腹部的长度相对较长。在1977年和1978年的夏天，我们研究了在纽约北部生物站的山毛榉-铁杉林中发现的三种巨尾轮虫的雄性聚集。Rensselaerville的Huyck Preserve。我们的研究地点包括8个孤立的，死亡，但仍然站在山毛榉树。任何两棵树之间的最大距离小于100 m。在本文中描述的结果是一个以前不受重视的行为，一个可能的新腺体，并在以前的解释一些新的光脱落，
Parasitic wasps comprise a species-rich group for which a number of casual and fragmentary observations on mating and courtship exist, but few detailed studies have been published (Matthews 1975). A singular phenomenon among them is provided by the pre-mating behavior of Megarhyssa, a genus of large, long-tailed ichneumon wasps parasitizing Tremex horntail larvae in dead trees. Males form conspicuous mixed-species aggregations on the bark of trees from which new adults are actively emerging (Fig. 1). All facing inward around a circular area of about 50 mm diameter, they jostle about and jockey for position, but show little overt aggression toward one another. When a female wasp finally chews through the bark, a conspecific male quickly mates with her, and the other males at least temporarily disperse. The most detailed previous studies of Megarhyssa behavior are those of Heatwole et al. (1963, 1964) and Heatwole and Davis (1965) in which most references to earlier observations may be found. Most previous reports of Megarhyssa male aggregation have asserted that species identification and sex discrimination are determined as the emerging adult penetrates the outer bark surface. Several workers have noted that the waiting males often probe bark crevices with the tips of their abdomens, including penetrating the partially chewed out emergence hole. Nuttall (1973) and others have suggested that this may result in fertilization of the female within its tunnel. However, this idea has usually been discounted because of the relatively greater length of the female abdomen as compared to the male. During the summers of 1977 and 1978 we studied male aggregation in 3 species of Megarhyssa found in beech-hemlock forests of an upstate New York biological station, the E.N. Huyck Preserve in Rensselaerville. Our study sites consisted of 8 isolated, dead but still standing beech trees. The maximum distance between any 2 trees was less than 100 m. Among the results described in this paper are a previously unappreciated behavior, a possible new gland, and the shedding of some new light on previous interpre-