Craniofacial skeletal response to encephalization: How do we know what we think we know?
Craniofacial skeletal response to encephalization: How do we know what we think we know?
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DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.23766
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Richtsmeier, Joan T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lesciotto, Kate M.;Richtsmeier, Joan T.
颅容量的巨大变化是人类进化的特征。重要的进化假说，例如空间堆积假说，断言相对大脑尺寸的增加（脑化）导致了现代人类头骨的改变，导致了一系列现存灵长类动物独有的特征，包括圆顶颅骨、高度弯曲的颅底和后缩的面部骨骼。大多数先前的研究都使用化石或比较灵长类动物数据来建立大脑大小和颅骨形状之间的相关性，但大脑大小的变化如何影响颅骨的整体形状并导致这些颅骨特征的机制基础仍然模糊，并且很少经过严格的研究。我们认为，要了解脑化增加如何导致人类头骨形态的变化，需要直接测试与头骨和大脑的胚胎发育相互作用相关的假设。化石和比较灵长类动物数据彻底描述了大脑大小和头骨形态之间的关联模式。在这里，我们建议通过专注于产生观察到的模式的机制的实验来补充现有的数据集，以更彻底地了解脑化在塑造现代人类头骨中的作用。
Dramatic changes in cranial capacity have characterized human evolution. Important evolutionary hypotheses, such as the spatial packing hypothesis, assert that increases in relative brain size (encephalization) have caused alterations to the modern human skull, resulting in a suite of traits unique among extant primates, including a domed cranial vault, highly flexed cranial base, and retracted facial skeleton. Most prior studies have used fossil or comparative primate data to establish correlations between brain size and cranial form, but the mechanistic basis for how changes in brain size impact the overall shape of the skull resulting in these cranial traits remains obscure and has only rarely been investigated critically. We argue that understanding how changes in human skull morphology could have resulted from increased encephalization requires the direct testing of hypotheses relating to interaction of embryonic development of the bones of the skull and the brain. Fossil and comparative primate data have thoroughly described the patterns of association between brain size and skull morphology. Here we suggest complementing such existing datasets with experiments focused on mechanisms responsible for producing the observed patterns to more thoroughly understand the role of encephalization in shaping the modern human skull.